Chile

الأحداث (41)

• 1541

  2/12 — Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.

• 1550

  3/12 — Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile

• 1550

  10/5 — Foundation of Concepción, city in Chile.

• 1553

  12/25 — Battle of Tucapel: Mapuche rebels under Lautaro defeat the Spanish conquistadors and executes the governor of Chile, Pedro de Valdivia.

• 1554

  2/23 — Mapuche forces, under the leadership of Lautaro, score a victory over the Spanish at the Battle of Marihueñu in Chile.

• 1557

  4/30 — Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.

• 1574

  11/22 — Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.

• 1810

  9/18 — First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.

• 1811

  11/17 — José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.

• 1813

  8/10 — Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera. It is Chile's oldest and most prestigious school. Its motto is Labor Omnia Vincit, which means "Work conquers all things".

• 1814

  10/2 — Battle of Rancagua: Spanish Royalists troops under Mariano Osorio defeats rebel Chilean forces of Bernardo O'Higgins and José Miguel Carrera.

• 1817

  1/19 — جيش من 5,423 جندي، بقيادة اللواء خوسيه دي سان مارتن، يعبر جبال الأنديز من الأرجنتين إلى تحرير تشيلي ثم بيرو.

• 1817

  2/8 — Las Heras crosses the Andes with an army to join San Martín and liberate Chile from Spain.

• 1818

  3/16 — In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.

• 1818

  4/5 — In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.

• 1823

  7/24 — Slavery is abolished in Chile.

• 1839

  1/20 — In the Battle of Yungay, Chile defeats an alliance between Peru and Bolivia.

• 1843

  9/21 — John Williams Wilson takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the newly independent Chilean government.

• 1865

  12/5 — Chincha Islands War: Peru allies with Chile against Spain.

• 1879

  2/14 — The War of the Pacific breaks out when Chilean armed forces occupy the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.

• 1879

  3/23 — War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.

• 1879

  4/5 — Chile declares war on Bolivia and Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.

• 1879

  5/21 — War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique.

• 1883

  10/20 — Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.

• 1907

  12/21 — The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile.

• 1914

  11/1 — حرب العالم الأولى: كانت معركة كورونيل هي الهزيمة الأولى للبحرية الملكية البريطانية في الحرب ضد ألمانيا، وهي معركة أُخضعت لها في الساحل الغربي للإكوادور، في المحيط الهادئ، مع فقدان حاملة الطائرات HMS Good Hope وحاملة الطائرات HMS Monmouth.

• 1927

  4/27 — Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.

• 1938

  9/5 — Chile: A group of youths affiliated with the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile are executed after surrendering during a failed coup.

• 1955

  6/14 — Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

• 1960

  5/22 — The Great Chilean earthquake, measuring 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale, hits southern Chile. It is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded.

• 1970

  9/4 — Salvador Allende is elected President of Chile.

• 1971

  7/11 — Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.

• 1972

  10/13 — Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, near the border between Argentina and Chile. (By December 23, 1972, only 16 of the 45 total persons originally aboard were still alive when rescued.)[1]

• 1973

  9/11 — A coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990.

• 1973

  9/28 — The ITT Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT's alleged involvement in the September 11, 1973 coup d'état in Chile.

• 1985

  3/3 — A magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes the Valparaíso Region of Chile, killing 177 and leaving nearly a million people homeless.

• 1986

  7/2 — Rodrigo Rojas and Carmen Gloria Quintana are burnt alive during a street demonstration against the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile.

• 1988

  10/5 — The Chilean opposition coalition Concertación (center-left) defeats Augusto Pinochet in his re-election attempt and a general election is called the following year.

• 1998

  10/16 — تم إعتقال الجنرال الأسباني السابق أوجستو بينشيت في لندن بناءً على مذكرة من إسبانيا تطالب بتسليمه بتهمة القتل.

• 2008

  5/2 — يبدأ بركان تشايتين في الانفجار في تشيلي، مما يتطلب إجلاء أكثر من 4500 شخص.

• 2010

  2/27 — زلزال قدرت قوته بـ 8.8 درجة على مقياس شدة الزلزال يضرب أجزاء وسط تشيلي، مما يسبب أكثر من 500 ضحية، وألفي مصاب. أحدث الزلزال تسونامي ضرب هاواي بعد قليل من الزمن.