Peru

الأحداث (27)

• 1535

  1/18 — Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro founds Lima, the capital of Peru.

• 1551

  5/12 — National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, is founded in Lima, Peru.

• 1817

  1/19 — جيش من 5,423 جندي، بقيادة اللواء خوسيه دي سان مارتن، يعبر جبال الأنديز من الأرجنتين إلى تحرير تشيلي ثم بيرو.

• 1821

  7/28 — José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.

• 1824

  8/6 — Battle of Junín Peru.

• 1839

  1/20 — In the Battle of Yungay, Chile defeats an alliance between Peru and Bolivia.

• 1865

  12/5 — Chincha Islands War: Peru allies with Chile against Spain.

• 1866

  5/2 — يدفع المدافعون البيروفيون أسطول الإسبان في معركة كالاو.

• 1868

  8/13 — The 8.5-9.0 Mw Arica earthquake struck southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand.

• 1877

  5/9 — A magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Peru kills 2,541, including some as far away as Hawaii and Japan.

• 1879

  3/23 — War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.

• 1879

  4/5 — Chile declares war on Bolivia and Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.

• 1879

  5/21 — War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique.

• 1883

  10/20 — Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, by which the Tarapacá province is ceded to the latter, bringing an end to Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific.

• 1901

  2/15 — The association football club Alianza Lima is founded in Lima, Peru, under the name Sport Alianza.

• 1947

  4/28 — Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to prove that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.

• 1953

  7/7 — يبدأ إرنستو "تشي" غيفارا في رحلة عبر بوليفيا، بيرو، الإكوادور، بنما، كوستاريكا، نيكاراغوا، هندوراس، وسلفادور.

• 1959

  10/12 — At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party who later form APRA Rebelde.

• 1962

  1/11 — حادث انزلاق جليدي على جبل هوسكاران في بيرو يسبب حوالي 4,000 وفاة.

• 1970

  5/31 — زادت زلزلة أنكاش بدرجة 7.9 في مقياس ميركالي في بيرو، مما أدى إلى حدوث انهيار أرضي أغرق بلدة يونغاي في بيرو. بين 66،794-70،000 شخص ماتوا و50،000 شخص جُرحوا.

• 1971

  3/18 — Peru: a landslide crashes into Yanawayin Lake, killing 200 people at the mining camp of Chungar.

• 1982

  1/1 — صار Javier Pérez de Cuéllar البوليفي الأول من أمريكا اللاتينية يحمل لقب الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة.

• 1992

  9/12 — Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path, is captured by Peruvian special forces; shortly thereafter the rest of Shining Path's leadership fell as well.

• 1995

  2/17 — The Cenepa War between Peru and Ecuador ends on a ceasefire brokered by the UN.

• 2004

  12/8 — The Cusco Declaration is signed in Cusco, Peru, establishing the South American Community of Nations.

• 2007

  8/15 — An 8.0-magnitude earthquake off the Pacific coast devastates Ica and various regions of Peru killing 514 and injuring 1,090.

• 2009

  4/7 — Former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori is sentenced to 25 years in prison for ordering killings and kidnappings by security forces.