December 21 — في هذا اليوم
235 مشاركات
الأحداث
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AD 69
The Roman Senate declares Vespasian emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors.
Roman Senate · Vespasian · Roman emperor · Year of the Four Emperors
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1124
Pope Honorius II is elected.
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1140
Conrad III of Germany besieged Weinsberg.
- 1237
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1361
The Battle of Linuesa is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the forces of the Emirate of Granada and the combined army of the Kingdom of Castile and of Jaén resulting in a Castilian victory.
Battle of Linuesa · Reconquista · Emirate of Granada · Kingdom of Castile · Kingdom of Jaén
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1598
Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile.
Battle of Curalaba · Mapuche · Cacique · Pelantaro · Spanish Empire
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1620
Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land on what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Plymouth Colony · William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor) · Mayflower · Pilgrim Fathers · Plymouth Rock
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1826
American settlers in Nacogdoches, Mexican Texas, declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion.
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1832
Egyptian-Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya.
Egyptian-Ottoman War (1831-33) · Egypt · Ottoman Empire · Battle of Konya
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1844
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers · Cooperative · Rochdale · History of the cooperative movement
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1861
Medal of Honor: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln.
Medal of Honor · President of the United States · Abraham Lincoln
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1872
Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England.
Challenger expedition · HMS Challenger (1858) · George Nares · Portsmouth
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1879
World premiere of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henrik Ibsen · A Doll's House · Royal Danish Theatre · Copenhagen
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1883
The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.
The Royal Canadian Dragoons · The Royal Canadian Regiment · Canadian Army
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1907
The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile.
Chilean Army · Santa María School massacre · Sodium nitrate · Iquique · Chile
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1910
An underground explosion at the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in Over Hulton, Westhoughton, England, kills 344 miners.
Pretoria Pit disaster · Hulton Colliery Company · Over Hulton · Westhoughton
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1913
Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
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1919
American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
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1923
United Kingdom and Nepal formally signed an agreement of friendship, called the Nepal-Britain Treaty of 1923, which superseded the Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.
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1936
First flight of the Junkers Ju 88 multi-role combat aircraft.
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1937
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the world's first full-length animated feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film) · Animation · Carthay Circle Theatre
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1941
World War II: A formal treaty of alliance between Thailand and Japan is signed in the presence of the Emerald Buddha in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand.
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1946
An 8.1 Mw earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Nankaidō, Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
Moment magnitude scale · 1946 Nankai earthquake · Tsunami · Nankaidō
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1963
"Bloody Christmas" begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots and destruction of more than 100 villages.
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1965
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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1967
Louis Washkansky, the first man to undergo a heart transplant, dies in Cape Town, South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
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1968
Apollo program: Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
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1970
First flight of F-14 multi-role combat aircraft.
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1973
The Geneva Conference on the Arab-Israeli conflict opens.
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1979
Lancaster House Agreement: An independence agreement for Rhodesia is signed in London by Lord Peter Carrington, Sir Ian Gilmour, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, Bishop Abel Muzorewa and S.C. Mundawarara.
Lancaster House Agreement · Rhodesia · Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington · Ian Gilmour, Baron Gilmour of Craigmillar · Robert Mugabe
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1988
A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, killing 270.
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1988
The first flight of Antonov An-225 Mriya, the largest aircraft in the world.
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1992
A Dutch DC-10, flight Martinair MP 495, crashes at Faro Airport, killing 56.
Netherlands · McDonnell Douglas DC-10 · Martinair Flight 495 · Faro Airport
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1995
The city of Bethlehem passes from Israeli to Palestinian control.
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1999
The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives that ETA intended to use to blow up Torre Picasso in Madrid, Spain.
Civil Guard (Spain) · ETA (separatist group) · Torre Picasso · Madrid
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2004
Iraq War: A suicide bomber killed 22 at the forward operating base next to the main U.S. military airfield at Mosul, Iraq, the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers.
Iraq War · Suicide attack · 2004 Forward Operating Base Marez bombing · Forward operating base · Mosul
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2012
2012 phenomenon: this day was regarded as the end-date of a 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, leading to widespread expectations of cataclysmic events]] (which failed to happen).
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المولدات المشهورة
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968
Minamoto no Yorinobu, Japanese samurai (d. 1048)
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1401
Masaccio, Italian painter (d. 1428)
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1468
William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, English baron (d. 1524)
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1505
Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (d. 1550)
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1538
Luigi d'Este, Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)
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1542
Thomas Allen, English mathematician and astrologer (d. 1632)
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1550
Man Singh I, Mughal noble (d. 1614)
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1596
Peter Mogila, Romanian-Ukrainian metropolitan and saint (d. 1646)
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1603
Roger Williams, English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th President of the Colony of Rhode Island (d. 1684)
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1615
Benedict Arnold, Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1678)
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1672
Benjamin Schmolck, German pastor and composer (d. 1737)
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1714
John Bradstreet, Canadian-English general (d. 1774)
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1728
Hermann Raupach, German harpsichord player and composer (d. 1778)
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1778
Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish jurist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1860)
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1795
Jack Russell, English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (d. 1883)
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1795
Leopold von Ranke, German historian, author, and academic (d. 1886)
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1803
Achille Vianelli, Italian painter and academic (d. 1894)
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1804
Benjamin Disraeli, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1881)
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1805
Thomas Graham, Scottish chemist and academic (d. 1869)
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1811
Archibald Tait, Scottish-English archbishop (d. 1882)
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1815
Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (d. 1879)
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1820
William H. Osborn, American businessman (d. 1894)
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1830
Bartolomé Masó, Cuban soldier and politician (d. 1907)
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1832
John H. Ketcham, American general and politician (d. 1906)
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1840
Namık Kemal, Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (d. 1888)
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1843
Thomas Bracken, Irish-New Zealand journalist, poet, and politician (d. 1898)
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1850
Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer and poet (d. 1900)
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1851
Thomas Chipman McRae, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Arkansas (d. 1929)
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1859
Gustave Kahn, French poet and critic (d. 1936)
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1866
Maud Gonne, Irish nationalist and political activist (d. 1953)
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1868
George W. Fuller, American chemist and engineer (d. 1934)
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1872
Trevor Kincaid, Canadian-American zoologist and academic (d. 1970)
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1872
Lorenzo Perosi, Italian priest and composer (d. 1956)
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1872
Albert Payson Terhune, American journalist and author (d. 1942)
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1876
Jack Lang, Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (d. 1975)
Jack Lang (Australian politician) · Premier of New South Wales
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1877
Jaan Sarv, Estonian mathematician and scholar (d. 1954)
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1878
Jan Łukasiewicz, Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (d. 1956)
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1885
Frank Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1960)
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1888
Jean Bouin, French runner and rugby player (d. 1914)
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1889
Sewall Wright, American geneticist and biologist (d. 1988)
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1890
Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
Hermann Joseph Muller · Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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1891
John William McCormack, American lawyer and politician, 53rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1980)
John William McCormack · Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
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1892
Walter Hagen, American golfer (d. 1969)
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1892
Rebecca West, English journalist and author (d. 1983)
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1896
Konstantin Rokossovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (d. 1968)
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1900
Luis Arturo González López Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (d. 1965)
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1905
Anthony Powell, English author (d. 2000)
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1905
Käte Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1983)
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1909
Seichō Matsumoto, Japanese journalist and author (d. 1992)
-
1911
Josh Gibson, American baseball player (d. 1947)
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1913
Arnold Friberg, American illustrator and painter (d. 2010)
-
1914
Frank Fenner, Australian microbiologist and virologist (d. 2010)
-
1915
Werner von Trapp, Austrian-American singer (d. 2007)
-
1917
Heinrich Böll, German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
-
1918
Donald Regan, American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (d. 2003)
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1918
Kurt Waldheim, Austrian colonel, war criminal, and politician; 9th President of Austria (d. 2007)
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1920
Alicia Alonso, Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the Cuban National Ballet
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1920
Adele Goldstine, American computer programmer (d. 1964)
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1922
Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (d. 1989)
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1922
Paul Winchell, American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (d. 2005)
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1922
Cécile DeWitt-Morette, French mathematician and physicist (d. 2017)
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1926
Arnošt Lustig, Czech author and playwright (d. 2011)
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1926
Joe Paterno, American football player and coach (d. 2012)
-
1932
U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian author, poet, and critic (d. 2014)
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1932
Edward Hoagland, American author and critic
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1933
Jackie Hendriks, Jamaican cricketer
-
1933
Robert Worcester, American businessman and academic, founded MORI
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1934
Giuseppina Leone, Italian sprinter
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1934
Hanif Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer (d. 2016)
-
1935
John G. Avildsen, American director, producer, and cinematographer (d. 2017)
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1935
Lorenzo Bandini, Italian race car driver (d. 1967)
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1935
Phil Donahue, American talk show host and producer
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1935
Edward Schreyer, Canadian academic and politician, 22nd Governor General of Canada
-
1937
Jane Fonda, American actress, producer, and activist
-
1939
Lloyd Axworthy, Canadian academic and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
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1939
Wafic Saïd, Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist
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1940
Frank Zappa, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1993)
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1942
Hu Jintao, Chinese engineer and politician, 6th President of China
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1943
Albert Lee, English guitarist and songwriter
-
1943
Walter Spanghero, French rugby player
-
1944
Michael Tilson Thomas, American pianist, composer, and conductor
-
1944
Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese diplomat (d. 2007)
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1945
Doug Walters, Australian cricketer
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1946
Roy Karch, American director, producer, and screenwriter
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1946
Carl Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)
-
1947
Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2014)
-
1948
Barry Gordon, American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988-95)
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1948
Samuel L. Jackson, American actor and producer
-
1948
Dave Kingman, American baseball player
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1949
Thomas Sankara, Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th President of Burkina Faso (d. 1987)
-
1949
Nikolaos Sifounakis, Greek lawyer and politician
-
1950
Jeffrey Katzenberg, American screenwriter and producer, co-founded DreamWorks Animation
-
1950
Lillebjørn Nilsen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
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1950
Max Maven, American magician and mentalist
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1951
Steve Perryman, English footballer and manager
-
1952
Joaquín Andújar, Dominican baseball player (d. 2015)
-
1952
Steve Furniss, American swimmer
-
1953
András Schiff, Hungarian-English pianist and conductor
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1953
Betty Wright, American singer-songwriter
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1954
Chris Evert, American tennis player and coach
-
1955
Jane Kaczmarek, American actress
-
1955
Kazuyuki Sekiguchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
-
1956
Dave Laut, American shot putter (d. 2009)
-
1957
Ray Romano, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
-
1958
Tamara Bykova, Russian high jumper
-
1959
Florence Griffith Joyner, American sprinter and actress (d. 1998)
-
1959
Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Indian cricketer
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1960
Sherry Rehman, Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th Pakistan Ambassador to the United States
-
1961
Ryuji Sasai, Japanese bass player and composer
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1963
Govinda, Indian actor, singer, and politician
-
1964
Joe Kocur, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
-
1964
Kunihiko Ikuhara, Japanese director and illustrator
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1965
Andy Dick, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
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1965
Anke Engelke, Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
-
1966
William Ruto, Kenyan politician, Deputy President of Kenya
-
1966
Kiefer Sutherland, Canadian actor, director, and producer
-
1967
Terry Mills, American basketball player and coach
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1967
Mikheil Saakashvili, Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Georgia
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1969
Julie Delpy, French model, actress, director, and screenwriter
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1969
Mihails Zemļinskis, Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
-
1971
Matthieu Chedid, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
-
1972
Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, Indian journalist and politician
-
1973
Irakli Alasania, Georgian colonel and politician, Georgian Minister of Defense
-
1974
Karrie Webb, Australian golfer
-
1975
Paloma Herrera, Argentinian ballerina
-
1977
Emmanuel Macron, Current President of France
-
1977
Leon MacDonald, New Zealand rugby player
-
1978
Emiliano Brembilla, Italian swimmer
-
1978
Charles Dera, American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
-
1978
Shaun Morgan, South African musician, singer, and guitarist
-
1979
Steve Montador, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
-
1981
Cristian Zaccardo, Italian footballer
-
1982
Philip Humber, American baseball player
-
1984
Darren Potter, English footballer
-
1985
Tom Sturridge, English actor
-
1987
Denis Alekseyev, Russian sprinter
-
1988
Perri Shakes-Drayton, English sprinter and hurdler
-
1989
Mark Ingram Jr., American football player
-
1991
Riccardo Saponara, Italian footballer
-
1992
Ha Ha Clinton-Dix, American football player
-
1995
Bobby, South Korean-American rapper
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الوفيات المشهورة
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AD 72
Thomas the Apostle, Roman martyr and saint (b. 1 AD)
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882
Hincmar, French archbishop and historian (b. 806)
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956
Sun Sheng, Chinese chancellor
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1001
Hugh of Tuscany, margrave of Tuscany (b. 950)
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1308
Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (b. 1244)
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1338
Thomas Hemenhale, Bishop of Worcester
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1362
Constantine III, King of Armenia (b. 1313)
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1375
Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian author and poet (b. 1313)
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1504
Berthold von Henneberg, German archbishop (b. 1442)
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1536
John Seymour, English courtier (b. 1474)
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1549
Marguerite de Navarre, queen of Henry II of Navarre (b. 1492)
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1581
Jean de la Cassière, 51st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1502)
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1597
Peter Canisius, Dutch priest and saint (b. 1521)
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1608
William Davison, secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England (b. c. 1541)
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1610
Catherine Vasa, Swedish princess (b. 1539)
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1701
Sir Hugh Paterson, Baronet of Bannockburn (b. 1659)
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1807
John Newton, English soldier and minister (b. 1725)
-
1824
James Parkinson, English physician and paleontologist (b. 1755)
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1869
Friedrich Ernst Scheller, German jurist and politician (b. 1791)
-
1873
Francis Garnier, French admiral and explorer (b. 1839)
-
1889
Friedrich August von Quenstedt, German geologist and palaeontologist (b. 1809)
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1920
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Somalian general, founded the Dervish state (b. 1856)
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1929
I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (b. 1859)
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1933
Knud Rasmussen, Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (b. 1879)
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1935
Ted Birnie, English footballer and manager (b. 1878)
-
1935
Kurt Tucholsky, German-Swedish journalist and author (b. 1890)
-
1937
Ted Healy, American comedian and actor (b. 1896)
-
1937
Frank B. Kellogg, American lawyer and politician, 45th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)
Frank B. Kellogg · United States Secretary of State · Nobel Peace Prize
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1940
F. Scott Fitzgerald, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1896)
-
1945
George S. Patton, American general (b. 1885)
-
1952
Kenneth Edwards, American golfer (b. 1886)
-
1953
Kaarlo Koskelo, Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (b. 1888)
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1957
Eric Coates, English-American viola player and composer (b. 1886)
-
1958
Lion Feuchtwanger, German-American author and playwright (b. 1884)
-
1959
Rosanjin, Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (b. 1883)
-
1963
Jack Hobbs, English cricketer and journalist (b. 1882)
-
1964
Carl Van Vechten, American author and photographer (b. 1880)
-
1965
Claude Champagne, Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (b. 1891)
-
1968
Vittorio Pozzo, Italian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1886)
-
1974
Richard Long, American actor and director (b. 1927)
-
1982
Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri, Pakistani poet and composer (b. 1900)
-
1983
Paul de Man, Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (b. 1919)
-
1988
Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
-
1992
Stella Adler, American actress and educator (b. 1901)
-
1992
Albert King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1924)
-
1992
Nathan Milstein, Russian-American violinist and composer (b. 1903)
-
1998
Ernst-Günther Schenck, German colonel and physician (b. 1904)
-
2004
Autar Singh Paintal, Indian physiologist and neurologist (b. 1925)
-
2006
Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (b. 1940)
-
2009
Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
-
2009
Christos Lambrakis, Greek journalist and businessman (b. 1934)
-
2010
Enzo Bearzot, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1927)
-
2013
Edgar Bronfman, Sr., Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1929)
-
2013
John Eisenhower, American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (b. 1922)
-
2014
Udo Jürgens, Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1934)
-
2014
Sitor Situmorang, Indonesian poet and author (b. 1923)
-
2014
Billie Whitelaw, English actress (b. 1932)
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