12月 4日 — 历史上的今天
146 条目
事件
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771
Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom.
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1110
The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon.
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1259
Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.
Louis IX of France · Henry III of England · Treaty of Paris (1259) · Normandy
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1563
The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.)
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1619
Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."
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1674
Father Jacques Marquette founds a mission on the shores of Lake Michigan to minister to the Illiniwek. (The mission would later grow into the city of Chicago.)
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1676
Battle of Lund: A Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by Field Marshal Simon Grundel-Helmfelt.
Battle of Lund · Christian V of Denmark · Simon Grundel-Helmfelt
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1745
Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising.
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1783
At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers.
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1786
Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara).
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1791
The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.
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1829
In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide.
Governor-General of India · Lord William Bentinck · Suttee · Bengal Presidency · Culpable homicide
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1864
American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: At Waynesboro, Georgia, forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevent troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from Atlanta.
American Civil War · Sherman's March to the Sea · Waynesboro, Georgia · Union Army · Judson Kilpatrick
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1867
Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange).
Minnesota · Oliver Hudson Kelley · National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
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1872
The crewless American ship Mary Celeste is found by the Canadian brig Dei Gratia. The ship had been abandoned for nine days but was only slightly damaged.
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1875
Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain.
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1881
The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published.
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1893
First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland.
First Matabele War · British South Africa Company · Shangani Patrol · Northern Ndebele people · Shangani River
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1906
Alpha Phi Alpha the first black intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
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1909
In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26-6.
Canadian football · 1st Grey Cup · University of Toronto · Toronto Varsity Blues · Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club
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1909
The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association.
Montreal Canadiens · Ice hockey · National Hockey Association
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1918
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office.
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1939
World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940.
World War II · HMS Nelson (28) · Naval mine · German submarine U-31 (1936)
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1942
World War II: Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends.
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1943
World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile.
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1943
World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes down the Works Progress Administration, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States.
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1945
By a vote of 65-7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.)
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1954
The first Burger King is opened in Miami.
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1956
The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studio for the first and last time.
Million Dollar Quartet · Elvis Presley · Jerry Lee Lewis · Carl Perkins · Johnny Cash
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1965
The Grateful Dead's first concert performance under this new name.
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1967
Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta.
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1969
Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers.
Black Panther Party · Fred Hampton · Mark Clark (Black Panther)
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1971
The Indian Navy attacks the Pakistan Navy and Karachi.
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1977
Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire.
Jean-Bédel Bokassa · Central African Republic · Central African Empire
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1977
Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, Johor, killing 100.
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1978
Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco's first female mayor.
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1979
The Hastie fire in Hull kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest Bruce George Peter Lee.
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1981
South Africa grants independence to the Ciskei "homeland" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa).
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1982
The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.
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1984
Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers kill 107-150 civilians in Mannar.
Sri Lankan Civil War · Sri Lankan Army · 1984 Mannar massacre · Mannar, Sri Lanka
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1991
Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon.
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1991
Pan American World Airways ceases its operations after 64 years.
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1992
Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Northeast Africa.
Somali Civil War · George H. W. Bush · Somalia · Horn of Africa
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1998
The Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched.
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2005
Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protest for democracy and call on the government to allow universal and equal suffrage.
December 2005 protest for democracy in Hong Kong · Hong Kong Government · Universal suffrage
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2006
Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana.
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2014
Islamic insurgents kill three state police at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in Grozny. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed.
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2015
A firebomb is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, killing 17 people.
著名出生
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AD 34
Persius, Roman poet (d. 62)
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1428
Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe (d. 1511)
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1506
Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche (d. 1558)
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1555
Heinrich Meibom, German poet and historian (d. 1625)
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1575
Sister Virginia Maria, Italian nun (d. 1650)
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1580
Samuel Argall, English adventurer and naval officer (d. 1626)
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1585
John Cotton, English-American minister and theologian (d. 1652)
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1595
Jean Chapelain, French poet and critic (d. 1674)
著名死亡
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530 BC
Cyrus the Great, king of Persia (b. 600 BC)
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749
John of Damascus, Syrian priest and saint (b. 676)
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771
Carloman I, Frankish king (b. 751)
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870
Suairlech ind Eidnén mac Ciaráin, Irish bishop
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1075
Anno II, German archbishop and saint (b. 1010)
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1131
Omar Khayyám, Persian poet, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1048)
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1214
William the Lion, Scottish king (b. 1143)
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1260
Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester (b. 1222)
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1270
Theobald II of Navarre (b. 1238)
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1334
Pope John XXII (b. 1249)
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1340
Henry Burghersh, English bishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1292)
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1341
Janisław I, Archbishop of Gniezno
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1408
Valentina Visconti, wife of Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans
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1456
Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1401)
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1459
Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein (b. 1401)
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1576
Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian-Slovak mathematician and cartographer (b. 1514)
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1585
John Willock, Scottish minister and reformer (b. 1515)
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1603
Maerten de Vos, Flemish painter and draughtsman (b. 1532)
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1609
Alexander Hume, Scottish poet (b. 1560)
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1637
Nicholas Ferrar, English trader (b. 1592)
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1642
Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal and politician, Chief Minister to the French Monarch (b. 1585)
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1649
William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet (b. 1585)
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1679
Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and theorist (b. 1588)
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1680
Thomas Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian (b. 1616)
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1696
Empress Meishō of Japan (b. 1624)
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1732
John Gay, English poet and playwright (b. 1685)
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1798
Luigi Galvani, Italian physician, physicist, and philosopher (b. 1737)
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1828
Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1770)
Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool · List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
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1841
David Daniel Davis, Welsh-English physician and academic (b. 1777)
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1845
Gregor MacGregor, Scottish soldier and explorer (b. 1786)
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1850
William Sturgeon, English physicist, invented the electric motor (b. 1783)
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1893
John Tyndall, Irish-English physicist and chemist (b. 1820)
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1897
Griffith Rhys Jones, Welsh conductor (b. 1834)
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1902
Charles Dow, American journalist and publisher, co-founded the Dow Jones & Company (b. 1851)
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1926
Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (b. 1861)
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1933
Stefan George, German-Swiss poet and translator (b. 1868)
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1935
Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1864)
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1935
Charles Richet, French physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
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1938
Tamanishiki San'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 32nd Yokozuna (b. 1903)
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1942
Juhan Kukk, Estonian politician, 3rd Head of State of Estonia (b. 1885)
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1942
Fritz Löhner-Beda, Jewish Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer (b. 1883)
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1944
Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and manager (b. 1879)
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1945
Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
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1948
Frank Benford, American physicist and engineer (b. 1883)
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1954
George Shepherd, 1st Baron Shepherd (b. 1881)
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1955
József Galamb, Hungarian-American engineer (b. 1881)
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1963
Constance Davey, Australian psychologist (b. 1882)
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1967
Bert Lahr, American actor (b. 1895)
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1971
Shunryū Suzuki, Japanese-American monk and educator, founded the San Francisco Zen Center (b. 1904)
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1975
Hannah Arendt, German-American historian, theorist, and academic (b. 1906)
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1976
Tommy Bolin, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1951)
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1976
Benjamin Britten, English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1913)
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1976
W. F. McCoy, Irish soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1886)
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1980
Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1934)
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1980
Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish-American runner (b. 1911)
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1980
Don Warrington, Canadian football player (b. 1948)
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1981
Jeanne Block, American psychologist (b. 1923)
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1984
Jack Mercer, American animator, screenwriter, voice actor, and singer (b. 1910)
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1987
Arnold Lobel, American author and illustrator (b. 1933)
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1987
Rouben Mamoulian, Georgian-American director and screenwriter (b. 1897)
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1988
Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist and academic (b. 1899)
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1992
Henry Clausen, American lawyer and author (b. 1905)
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1993
Margaret Landon, American missionary and author (b. 1903)
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1993
Frank Zappa, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1940)
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1999
Rose Bird, American academic and judge, 25th Chief Justice of California (b. 1936)
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2000
Henck Arron, Surinamese banker and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Republic of Suriname (b. 1936)
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2003
Iggy Katona, American race car driver (b. 1916)
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2004
Elena Souliotis, Greek soprano and actress (b. 1943)
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2005
Errol Brathwaite, New Zealand soldier and author (b. 1924)
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2005
Gregg Hoffman, American film producer (b. 1963)
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2006
K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (b. 1938)
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2006
Ross A. McGinnis, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1987)
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2009
Liam Clancy, Irish singer, actor, and guitarist (b. 1935)
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2010
King Curtis Iaukea, American wrestler (b. 1937)
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2011
Sócrates, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1954)
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2011
Hubert Sumlin, American singer and guitarist (b. 1931)
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2012
Vasily Belov, Russian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)
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2012
Jack Brooks, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1922)
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2012
Miguel Calero, Colombian footballer and manager (b. 1971)
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2012
Anthony Deane-Drummond, English general (b. 1917)
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2012
Carroll E. Lanier, American sailor and politician (b. 1926)
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2013
Joana Raspall i Juanola, Spanish author and poet (b. 1913)
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2014
Claudia Emerson, American poet and academic (b. 1957)
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2014
V. R. Krishna Iyer, Indian lawyer and judge (b. 1914)
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2014
Vincent L. McKusick, American lawyer and judge (b. 1921)
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2014
Jeremy Thorpe, English lawyer and politician (b. 1929)
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2015
Bill Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Premier of British Columbia (b. 1932)
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2015
Robert Loggia, American actor and director (b. 1930)
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2015
Yossi Sarid, Israeli journalist and politician, 15th Israeli Minister of Education (b. 1940)
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2016
Patricia Robins, British writer and WAAF officer (b. 1921).