December 20 — В этот день в истории
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AD 69
Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor.
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217
Callixtus I is elected as the sixteenth pope, although Hippolytus of Rome is soon thereafter elected as a rival pope.
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1192
Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after the Third Crusade.
Richard I of England · Leopold V, Duke of Austria · Third Crusade
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1334
Pope Benedict XII is elected.
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1522
Siege of Rhodes: Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights of Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually settle on Malta and become known as the Knights of Malta.
Siege of Rhodes (1522) · Suleiman the Magnificent · Knights Hospitaller · Malta · Knights Hospitaller
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1606
The Virginia Company loads three ships with settlers and sets sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
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1803
The Louisiana Purchase is completed at a ceremony in New Orleans.
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1808
Peninsular War: The Siege of Zaragoza begins.
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1832
HMS Clio under the command of Captain Onslow arrives at Port Egmont under orders to take possession of the Falkland Islands
HMS Clio (1807) · Port Egmont · Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833) · Falkland Islands
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1860
South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.
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1915
World War I: The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli.
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1916
World War I: The battle of Verdun results in a French victory after more than 9 months of intense fighting.
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1917
Cheka, the first Soviet secret police force, is founded.
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1924
Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison
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1941
World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers" in Kunming, China.
World War II · American Volunteer Group · Flying Tigers · Kunming
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1942
World War II: Japanese air forces bomb Calcutta, India.
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1946
The popular Christmas film It's a Wonderful Life is first released in New York City.
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1951
The EBR-1 in Arco, Idaho becomes the first nuclear power plant to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs.
Experimental Breeder Reactor I · Arco, Idaho · Nuclear power
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1952
A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns in Moses Lake, Washington killing 87.
United States Air Force · Douglas C-124 Globemaster II · Moses Lake, Washington
- 1955
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1957
The initial production version of the Boeing 707 makes its first flight.
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1967
A Pennsylvania Railroad Budd Metroliner exceeds 155 mph on their New York Division, also present day Amtrak's Northeast Corridor.
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1968
The Zodiac Killer kills Betty Lou Jenson and David Faraday in Vallejo, California.
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1971
The international aid organization Doctors Without Borders is founded by Bernard Kouchner and a group of journalists in Paris, France.
Médecins Sans Frontières · Bernard Kouchner · Paris · France
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1973
The Prime Minister of Spain, Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, is assassinated by a car bomb attack in Madrid.
Prime Minister of Spain · Luis Carrero Blanco · Car bomb · Madrid
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1984
The Summit Tunnel fire is the largest underground fire in history, as a freight train carrying over 1 million liters of gasoline derails near the town of Todmorden, England, in the Pennines.
Summit Tunnel fire · Freight rail transport · Gasoline · Todmorden · Pennines
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1985
Pope John Paul II announces the institution of World Youth Day.
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1987
In the worst peacetime sea disaster, the passenger ferry Doña Paz sinks after colliding with the oil tanker Vector in the Tablas Strait in the Philippines, killing an estimated 4,000 people (1,749 official).
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1989
The United States invasion of Panama deposes Manuel Noriega.
United States invasion of Panama · Deposition (politics) · Manuel Noriega
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1991
A Missouri court sentences the Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria to death for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina.
Missouri · Capital punishment · Honor killing in the United States
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1995
NATO begins peacekeeping in Bosnia.
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1995
American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757, crashes into a mountain 50 km north of Cali, Colombia killing 159.
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1999
Macau is handed over to China by Portugal.
Macau · Transfer of sovereignty over Macau · China · Portugal
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2004
A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of Northern Bank in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, one of the largest bank robberies in British history.
Northern Bank robbery · Donegall Square · Northern Bank · Belfast · Northern Ireland
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2007
Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years, 7 months and 29 days.
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2007
The Portrait of Suzanne Bloch (1904), by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, and O Lavrador de Café by Brazilian modernist painter Cândido Portinari, are stolen from the São Paulo Museum of Art.
Portrait of Suzanne Bloch · Pablo Picasso · Cândido Portinari · São Paulo Museum of Art
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2013
China successfully launches the Bolivian Túpac Katari 1 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
China National Space Administration · Bolivia · Túpac Katari 1 · Xichang Satellite Launch Center
Известные рождения
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1494
Oronce Finé, French mathematician and cartographer (d. 1555)
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1496
Joseph ha-Kohen, historian and physician (d. 1575)
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1537
John III of Sweden (d. 1592)
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1576
Saint John Sarkander, Moravian priest and saint (d. 1620)
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1626
Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German scholar and politician (d. 1692)
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1629
Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
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1641
Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (d. 1724)
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1717
Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French politician and diplomat, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1787)
Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes · Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (France)
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1740
Arthur Lee, American physician and diplomat (d. 1792)
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1786
Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (d. 1853)
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1792
Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, French painter and educator (d. 1845)
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1838
Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian, author, and educator (d. 1926)
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1841
Ferdinand Buisson, French academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932)
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1861
Ferdinand Bonn, German actor (d. 1933)
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1861
Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (d. 1926)
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1865
Elsie de Wolfe, American actress and interior decorator (d. 1950)
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1868
Harvey Samuel Firestone, American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (d. 1938)
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1869
Charley Grapewin, American actor (d. 1956)
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1873
Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian, author, and academic (d. 1948)
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1873
Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Turkish poet, academic, and politician (d. 1936)
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1881
Branch Rickey, American baseball player and manager (d. 1965)
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1886
Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, American tennis player and businessman (d. 1974)
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1888
Yitzhak Baer, German-Israeli historian and academic (d. 1980)
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1888
Fred Merkle, American baseball player and manager (d. 1958)
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1890
Yvonne Arnaud, French pianist, actress and singer (d. 1958)
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1890
Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
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1891
Erik Almlöf, Swedish triple jumper (d. 1971)
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1894
Robert Menzies, Australian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1978)
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1898
Konstantinos Dovas, Greek general and politician, 156th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1973)
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1898
Irene Dunne, American actress and singer (d. 1990)
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1899
Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Welsh preacher and physician (d. 1981)
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1900
Lissy Arna, German film actress (d. 1964)
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1901
Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist and academic, invented the Van de Graaff generator (d. 1967)
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1902
Prince George, Duke of Kent (d. 1942)
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1902
Sidney Hook, American philosopher and author (d. 1989)
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1904
Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1984)
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1904
Yevgenia Ginzburg, Russian author (d. 1977)
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1905
Bill O'Reilly, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (d. 1992)
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1907
Paul Francis Webster, American soldier and songwriter (d. 1984)
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1908
Dennis Morgan, American actor and singer (d. 1994)
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1909
Vakkom Majeed, Indian journalist and politician (d. 2000)
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1911
Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
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1914
Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (d. 2013)
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1915
Aziz Nesin, Turkish author and poet (d. 1995)
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1916
Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader and activist (d. 2010)
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1917
David Bohm, American-English physicist, neuropsychologist, and philosopher (d. 1992)
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1917
Cahit Külebi, Turkish poet and author (d. 1997)
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1917
Audrey Totter, American actress (d. 2013)
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1918
Jean Marchand, Canadian trade union leader and politician, 43rd Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1988)
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1922
George Roy Hill, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)
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1922
Beverly Pepper, American sculptor and painter
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1924
Judy LaMarsh, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 42nd Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1980)
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1925
Benito Lorenzi, Italian footballer (d. 2007)
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1926
Geoffrey Howe, Welsh lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2015)
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1926
Otto Graf Lambsdorff, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Economics (d. 2009)
Otto Graf Lambsdorff · Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy
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1927
Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark, English engineer and politician (d. 2016)
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1927
Charlie Callas, American actor and comedian (d. 2011)
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1927
Jim Simpson, American sportscaster (d. 2016)
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1927
Kim Young-sam, South Korean soldier and politician, 7th President of South Korea (d. 2015)
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1931
Mala Powers, American actress (d. 2007)
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1932
John Hillerman, American actor (d. 2017)
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1933
Jean Carnahan, American author and politician
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1933
Olavi Salonen, Finnish runner
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1933
Rik Van Looy, Belgian cyclist
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1935
Khalid Ibadulla, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster
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1939
Kathryn Joosten, American actress (d. 2012)
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1939
Kim Weston, American soul singer
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1940
Pat Chapman, English chef and author, founded The Curry Club
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1942
Rana Bhagwandas, Pakistani lawyer and judge, Chief Justice of Pakistan (d. 2015)
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1942
Bob Hayes, American sprinter and football player (d. 2002)
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1942
Michael P. Johnson, American sociologist
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1942
Jean-Claude Trichet, French banker and economist
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1944
Bobby Colomby, American drummer and producer
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1944
Ray Martin, Australian television host and journalist
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1945
Peter Criss, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
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1945
Sivakant Tiwari, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and author (d. 2010)
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1946
Uri Geller, Israeli-English magician and psychic
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1946
Lloyd Mumphord, American football player
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1946
Sonny Perdue, American captain and politician, 81st Governor of Georgia
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1946
Dick Wolf, American director, producer, and screenwriter
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1947
Roger Alton, English journalist
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1947
Gigliola Cinquetti, Italian singer-songwriter
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1947
Bo Ryan, American basketball player and coach
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1947
Stevie Wright, English-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
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1948
Alan Parsons, English keyboard player and producer
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1948
Carol Smart, English sociologist and academic
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1948
Mitsuko Uchida, Japanese-British pianist
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1949
Soumaïla Cissé, Malian engineer and politician
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1949
Cecil Cooper, American baseball player and manager
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1949
Oscar Gamble, American baseball player
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1950
Geoffrey Grimmett, English mathematician and academic
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1950
Arturo Márquez, Mexican-American composer
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1951
Lynne Featherstone, English blogger and politician
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1951
Christopher Le Brun, English painter and sculptor
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1951
Peter May, Scottish author and screenwriter
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1951
Nuala O'Loan, Baroness O'Loan, Northern Irish academic and police ombudsman
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1951
Marta Russell, American author and activist (d. 2013)
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1952
Jenny Agutter, English actress
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1954
Michael Badalucco, American actor
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1954
Sandra Cisneros, American author and poet
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1955
David Breashears, American mountaineer, director, and producer
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1955
Binali Yıldırım, Turkish lawyer and politician, Turkish Minister of Transport
Binali Yıldırım · Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication (Turkey)
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1955
Martin Schulz, German politician
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1956
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Mauritanian general and politician, President of Mauritania
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz · List of heads of state of Mauritania
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1956
Guy Babylon, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2009)
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1956
Blanche Baker, American actress and screenwriter
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1956
Junji Hirata, Japanese wrestler
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1956
Andrew Mackenzie, Scottish geologist and businessman
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1956
Anita Ward, American disco/R&B singer
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1957
Billy Bragg, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
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1957
Anna Vissi, Cypriot singer-songwriter and actress
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1957
Mike Watt, American singer-songwriter and bass player
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1958
Doug Nordquist, American high jumper
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1958
James Thomson, American biologist and academic
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1959
George Coupland, Scottish scientist
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1959
Hildegard Körner, German runner
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1959
Jackie Fox, an American musician who played bass guitar for the pioneering all-girl teenage rock band the Runaways.
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1959
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Polish physicist and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Poland
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1959
Trent Tucker, American basketball player and sportscaster
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1960
Nalo Hopkinson, Jamaican-Canadian author and educator
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1960
Kim Ki-duk, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter
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1961
Mohammad Fouad, Egyptian singer-songwriter and actor
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1961
Mike Keneally, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
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1961
Freddie Spencer, American motorcycle racer
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1964
Mark Coleman, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
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1965
Robert Cavanah, Scottish actor and director
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1965
Rich Gannon, American football player and sportscaster
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1966
Matt Neal, English race car driver
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1966
Veronica Pershina, Russian-American figure skater and coach
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1966
Chris Robinson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
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1968
Joe Cornish, English actor, director, and screenwriter
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1968
Karl Wendlinger, Austrian race car driver
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1969
Alain de Botton, Swiss-English philosopher and author
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1969
Zahra Ouaziz, Moroccan runner
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1969
Bobby Phills, American basketball player (d. 2000)
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1970
Grant Flower, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
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1970
Alister McRae, Scottish race car driver
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1970
Jörg Schmidt, German footballer
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1971
Roger J. Beaujard, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
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1972
Sarah Jones, British politician
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1972
Anders Odden, Norwegian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
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1972
Anja Rücker, German sprinter
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1972
Gen Urobuchi, Japanese writer
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1973
Maarja Kangro, Estonian author and poet
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1973
David Nedohin, Canadian curler and sportscaster
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1973
Cory Stillman, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
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1974
Die, Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer
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1974
Paul Linger, English footballer
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1974
Jacqui Oatley, British Sports presenter
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1975
Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer
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1976
Aubrey Huff, American baseball player and radio host
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1976
Adam Powell, Welsh game designer and businessman, co-founded Meteor Games
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1976
Ramon Stoppelenburg, Dutch businessman and author
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1976
Nenad Vučković, Croatian footballer
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1977
Kerem Kabadayı, Turkish drummer and songwriter
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1978
Andrei Markov, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player
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1978
Geremi Njitap, Cameroon footballer
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1978
Bouabdellah Tahri, French runner
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1979
David DeJesus, American baseball player
-
1979
Michael Rogers, Australian cyclist
-
1979
Ramón Rodríguez, Puerto Rican-American actor and dancer
-
1980
Israel Castro, Mexican footballer
-
1980
Ashley Cole, English footballer
-
1980
Anthony da Silva, French-Portuguese footballer
-
1980
Martín Demichelis, Argentinian footballer
-
1980
Fitz Hall, English footballer
-
1981
Royal Ivey, American basketball player
-
1981
Darya Pchelnik, Belarusian hammer thrower
-
1981
James Shields, American baseball player
-
1981
Roy Williams, American football player
-
1982
Mohammad Asif, Pakistani cricketer
-
1982
David Cook, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
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1982
Kasper Klausen, Danish footballer
-
1982
David Wright, American baseball player
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1983
Jonah Hill, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
-
1983
Darren Sammy, Saint Lucian cricketer
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1984
Nikolaos Karabelas, Greek footballer
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1985
Gilbert Kirwa, Kenyan runner
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1987
Yutaka Otsuka, Japanese baseball player
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1988
Andrés Bottiglieri, Italian-Argentinian footballer
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1989
Leeson Ah Mau, New Zealand-Samoan rugby league player
-
1990
JoJo, American singer and actress
-
1991
Jillian Rose Reed, American actress
-
1991
Fabian Schär, Swiss footballer
-
1992
Ksenia Makarova, Russian-American figure skater
-
1993
Robeisy Ramírez, Cuban boxer
-
1997
Suzuka Nakamoto, Japanese singer
Известные смерти
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217
Pope Zephyrinus
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860
Æthelbald of Wessex (b. 834)
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910
Alfonso III, king of Asturias
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1295
Margaret of Provence (b. 1221)
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1326
Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow
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1340
John I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1329)
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1355
Stefan Uroš IV Dušan, Emperor of Serbia (b. 1308)
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1539
Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer (b. 1506)
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1552
Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther (b. 1499)
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1590
Ambroise Paré, French physician and surgeon (b. 1510)
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1658
Jean Jannon, French designer and typefounder (b. 1580)
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1722
Kangxi Emperor of China (b. 1654)
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1723
Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician and botanist (b. 1652)
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1740
Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, English field marshal and politician, Governor of Portsmouth (b. 1675)
Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon · Governor of Portsmouth
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1765
Louis, Dauphin of France (b. 1729)
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1768
Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet and academic (b. 1692)
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1783
Antonio Soler, Spanish priest and composer (b. 1729)
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1812
Sacagawea, American explorer (b. 1788)
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1820
John Bell, American farmer (b. 1750)
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1856
Francesco Bentivegna, Italian activist (b. 1820)
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1862
Robert Knox, Scottish surgeon and zoologist (b. 1791)
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1880
Gaspar Tochman, Polish-American colonel and lawyer (b. 1797)
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1893
George C. Magoun, American businessman (b. 1840)
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1915
Upendrakishore Ray, Indian painter and composer (b. 1863)
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1917
Lucien Petit-Breton, French-Argentinian cyclist (b. 1882)
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1920
Linton Hope, English sailor and architect (b. 1863)
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1921
Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general and politician (b. 1850)
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1927
Frederick Semple, American golfer and tennis player (b. 1872)
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1929
Émile Loubet, French lawyer and politician, 8th President of France (b. 1838)
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1935
Martin O'Meara, Irish-Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1882)
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1937
Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865)
-
1938
Annie Armstrong, American missionary (b. 1850)
-
1938
Matilda Howell, American archer (b. 1859)
-
1939
Hans Langsdorff, German captain (b. 1894)
-
1941
Igor Severyanin, Russian-Estonian poet and author (b. 1887)
-
1950
Enrico Mizzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1885)
-
1954
James Hilton, English-American author and screenwriter (b. 1900)
-
1956
Ramón Carrillo, Argentinian neurologist and physician (b. 1906)
-
1959
Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (b. 1885)
-
1961
Moss Hart, American director and playwright (b. 1904)
-
1961
Earle Page, Australian soldier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1880)
-
1968
John Steinbeck, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
-
1971
Roy O. Disney, American banker and businessman, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (b. 1893)
-
1972
Adolfo Orsi, Italian businessman (b. 1888)
-
1973
Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (b. 1904)
-
1973
Bobby Darin, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1936)
-
1974
R. A. Bevan, English advertiser (b. 1901)
-
1974
Rajani Palme Dutt, English journalist and politician (b. 1896)
-
1974
André Jolivet, French guitarist and composer (b. 1905)
-
1976
Richard J. Daley, American lawyer and politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1902)
-
1981
Dimitris Rontiris, Greek actor and director (b. 1899)
-
1982
Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-American pianist and composer (b. 1887)
-
1984
Stanley Milgram, American psychologist and academic (b. 1933)
-
1984
Dmitry Ustinov, Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union (1976-84) (b. 1908)
-
1986
Joe DeSa, American baseball player (b. 1959)
-
1991
Simone Beck, French chef and author (b. 1904)
-
1991
Sam Rabin, English wrestler, singer, and sculptor (b. 1903)
-
1991
Albert Van Vlierberghe, Belgian cyclist (b. 1942)
-
1993
W. Edwards Deming, American statistician, author, and academic (b. 1900)
-
1993
Nazife Güran, Turkish composer and educator (b. 1921)
-
1994
Dean Rusk, American colonel, lawyer, and politician, 54th United States Secretary of State (b. 1909)
-
1995
Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (b. 1938)
-
1996
Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (b. 1934)
-
1997
Denise Levertov, English-American poet and translator (b. 1923)
-
1997
Dick Spooner, English cricketer (b. 1919)
-
1997
Dawn Steel, American film producer (b. 1946)
-
1998
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
-
1999
Riccardo Freda, Egyptian-Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1909)
-
1999
Hank Snow, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914)
-
2001
Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician, 1st President of Senegal (b. 1906)
-
2005
Raoul Bott, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1923)
-
2006
Anne Rogers Clark, American dog breeder and trainer (b. 1929)
-
2008
Adrian Mitchell, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1932)
-
2008
Robert Mulligan, American director and producer (b. 1925)
-
2008
Igor Troubetzkoy, Russian aristocrat and racing driver (b. 1912)
-
2009
Brittany Murphy, American actress (b. 1977)
-
2009
Arnold Stang, American actor (b. 1918)
-
2010
James Robert Mann, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1920)
-
2010
K. P. Ratnam, Sri Lankan academic and politician (b. 1914)
-
2011
Barry Reckord, Jamaican playwright and screenwriter (b. 1926)
-
2012
Stan Charlton, English footballer and manager (b. 1929)
-
2012
Robert Juniper, Australian painter and sculptor (b. 1929)
-
2012
Eagle Keys, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1923)
-
2012
Victor Merzhanov, Russian pianist and educator (b. 1919)
-
2013
Pyotr Bolotnikov, Russian runner (b. 1930)
-
2014
Per-Ingvar Brånemark, Swedish surgeon and academic (b. 1929)
-
2014
John Freeman, English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States (b. 1915)
John Freeman (British politician) · List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States