1821 in History

Greek War of Independence: Alexander Ypsilantis crosses the Prut river at Sculeni into the Danubian Principalities.

Greek War of Independence · Alexander Ypsilantis · Prut · Sculeni · Danubian Principalities

Final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain with Plan of Iguala.

Mexican War of Independence · Plan of Iguala

Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata.

Greek War of Independence · Kalamata

Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually begun on 23 February 1821 (Julian calendar).

Greek War of Independence · 23 February · Julian calendar

Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is hanged by the Ottoman government from the main gate of the Patriarchate and his body is thrown into the Bosphorus.

Gregory V of Constantinople · Ottoman Empire · Patriarchate · Bosphorus

Benderli Ali Pasha arrives in Constantinople as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire; he remains in power for only nine days before being sent into exile.

Benderli Ali Pasha · Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

Emperor Napoleon dies in exile on the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Napoleon · Saint Helena

Greek War of Independence: The Greeks defeat the Turks at the Battle of Gravia Inn.

Greek War of Independence · Battle of Gravia Inn

The first major battle of the Greek War of Independence against the Turks is fought in Valtetsi.

Greek War of Independence · Ottoman Empire · Battle of Valtetsi · Valtetsi

Establishment of the Peloponnesian Senate by the Greek rebels.

Peloponnesian Senate · Greek War of Independence

Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.

Badi VII · Sennar (sultanate) · Isma'il Pasha · Ottoman Empire

Decisive defeat of the Filiki Eteria by the Ottomans at Drăgășani (in Wallachia).

Filiki Eteria · Drăgășani · Wallachia

The Battle of Carabobo takes place. It is the decisive battle in the war of independence of Venezuela from Spain.

Battle of Carabobo · Venezuela

Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence

Cyprus · Kyprianos · Greek War of Independence

The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain.

Florida

Coronation of George IV of the United Kingdom.

George IV of the United Kingdom

While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Minor Asia coasts.

Greek War of Independence · Monemvasia

José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.

José de San Martín · Peru

The Saturday Evening Post is published for the first time as a weekly newspaper.

The Saturday Evening Post

Missouri is admitted as the 24th U.S. state.

Missouri · U.S. state

Jarvis Island is discovered by the crew of the ship, Eliza Frances.

Jarvis Island

The Treaty of Córdoba is signed in Córdoba, now in Veracruz, Mexico, concluding the Mexican War of Independence from Spain.

Treaty of Córdoba · Córdoba, Veracruz · Veracruz (state) · Mexican War of Independence

Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica got independence from Spain after being destroyed by Napoleon.

Act of Independence of Central America

Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.

Siege of Tripolitsa · Greek War of Independence

The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is drafted. It will be made public on 13 October.

Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

The government of general José de San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy.

José de San Martín · Peruvian Navy

The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is publicly proclaimed.

Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which led to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia.

The Gesture of Rufina Alfaro · Los Santos District · Panama · History of Panama · Gran Colombia

Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins Gran Colombia.

Public holidays in Panama · Gran Colombia

Karel Dežman, Slovenian archaeologist, botanist, and politician, Mayor of Ljubljana (d. 1889)

Karel Dežman · List of mayors of Ljubljana

James Longstreet, American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Turkey (d. 1904)

James Longstreet · United States Ambassador to Turkey

John C. Breckinridge, American general and politician, 14th Vice President of the United States (d. 1875)

John C. Breckinridge · Vice President of the United States

John Chivington, American colonel and pastor (d. 1892)

John Chivington

Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician and educator (d. 1910)

Elizabeth Blackwell

Roberto Bompiani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1908)

Roberto Bompiani

Auguste Mariette, French archaeologist and scholar (d. 1881)

Auguste Mariette

Heinrich Barth, German explorer and scholar (d. 1865)

Heinrich Barth

Lola Montez, Irish-American actress and dancer (d. 1861)

Lola Montez

August Schleicher, German linguist and academic (d. 1868)

August Schleicher

Charles Scribner I, American publisher, founded Charles Scribner's Sons (d. 1871)

Charles Scribner I · Charles Scribner's Sons

Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German bishop and academic (d. 1896)

Joseph Hubert Reinkens

John Abbott, Canadian lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1893)

John Abbott · Prime Minister of Canada

Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian physicist and chemist (d. 1895)

Johann Josef Loschmidt

William Milligan, Scottish theologian, author, and educator (d. 1892)

William Milligan

Eduard Heine, German mathematician and academic (d. 1881)

Eduard Heine

Richard Francis Burton, English soldier, geographer, and diplomat (d. 1890)

Richard Francis Burton

Ned Buntline, American journalist, author, and publisher (d. 1886)

Ned Buntline

Linus Yale, Jr., American engineer and businessman (d. 1868)

Linus Yale, Jr.

Charles Baudelaire, French poet and critic (d. 1867)

Charles Baudelaire

Ford Madox Brown, French-English soldier and painter (d. 1893)

Ford Madox Brown

Henry Ayers, English-Australian politician, 8th Premier of South Australia (d. 1897)

Henry Ayers · Premier of South Australia

William Henry Vanderbilt, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1885)

William Henry Vanderbilt

Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician and statistician (d. 1894)

Pafnuty Chebyshev

Sebastian Kneipp, German priest and therapist (d. 1897)

Sebastian Kneipp

Apollon Maykov, Russian poet and playwright (d. 1897)

Apollon Maykov

Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer and architect (d. 1908)

Old Tom Morris

E. G. Squier, American archaeologist and journalist (d. 1888)

E. G. Squier

Guillermo Rawson, Argentinian physician and politician (d. 1890)

Guillermo Rawson

Bartolomé Mitre, Argentinian soldier, journalist, and politician, 6th President of Argentina (d. 1906)

Bartolomé Mitre · President of Argentina

Charles Tupper, Canadian physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1915)

Charles Tupper · Prime Minister of Canada

D. H. Hill, American general and academic (d. 1889)

D. H. Hill

Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general and first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)

Nathan Bedford Forrest · Ku Klux Klan

Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader and author, founded Christian Science (d. 1910)

Mary Baker Eddy · Christian Science

Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (d. 1910)

Pauline Viardot

William Poole, American boxer and gangster (d. 1855)

William Poole

Louis Vuitton, French fashion designer, founded Louis Vuitton (d. 1892)

Louis Vuitton (designer) · Louis Vuitton

James Springer White, American religious leader, co-founded the Seventh-day Adventist Church (d. 1881)

James Springer White · Seventh-day Adventist Church

Jay Cooke, American financier, founded Jay Cooke & Company (d. 1905)

Jay Cooke · Jay Cooke & Company

Arthur Cayley, English mathematician and academic (d. 1895)

Arthur Cayley

Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician and physicist (d. 1894)

Hermann von Helmholtz

William Jervois, English captain, engineer, and politician, 10th Governor of South Australia (d. 1897)

William Jervois · Governor of South Australia

Arthur Saint-Léon, French playwright (d. 1870)

Arthur Saint-Léon

Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Swiss philosopher, poet, and critic (d. 1881)

Henri-Frédéric Amiel

Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American minister and politician (d. 1874)

Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs

Alexander P. Stewart, American general (d. 1908)

Alexander P. Stewart

Richard H. Anderson, American general (d. 1879)

Richard H. Anderson

George Williams, English philanthropist, founded the YMCA (d. 1905)

George Williams (YMCA) · YMCA

Rudolf Virchow, German physician, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)

Rudolf Virchow

Sims Reeves, English tenor and actor (d. 1900)

Sims Reeves

Collis Potter Huntington, American businessman (d. 1900)

Collis Potter Huntington

George Bowen, Irish-English diplomat, 5th Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 1899)

George Bowen · Governor-General of New Zealand

Thomas Keefer, Canadian engineer and businessman (d. 1915)

Thomas Keefer

Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, and philosopher (d. 1881)

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

Frederick Temple, English archbishop and academic (d. 1902)

Frederick Temple

Nikolay Nekrasov, Russian poet and critic (d. 1877)

Nikolay Nekrasov

Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (d. 1880)

Gustave Flaubert

Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founded the American Red Cross (d. 1912)

Clara Barton · American Red Cross

Elizabeth Ann Seton, American nun and saint (b. 1774)

Elizabeth Ann Seton

Georg Friedrich von Martens, German jurist and diplomat (b. 1756)

Georg Friedrich von Martens

John Keats, English poet (b. 1795)

John Keats

Joseph de Maistre, French lawyer and diplomat (b. 1753)

Joseph de Maistre

Gregory V of Constantinople, Greek patriarch and saint (b. 1746)

Gregory V of Constantinople

Napoleon, French general and emperor (b. 1769)

Napoleon

Camille Jordan, French lawyer and politician (b. 1771)

Camille Jordan (politician)

Martín Miguel de Güemes, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1785)

Martín Miguel de Güemes

Richard Cosway, English painter and academic (b. 1742)

Richard Cosway

José Miguel Carrera, Chilean general and politician (b. 1785)

José Miguel Carrera

Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist and zoologist (b. 1797)

Heinrich Kuhl

John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer, designed the Waterloo Bridge (b. 1761)

John Rennie the Elder · Waterloo Bridge

John Ross Key, American lieutenant, lawyer, and judge (b. 1754)

John Ross Key

Dorothea Ackermann, German actress (b. 1752)

Dorothea Ackermann

Elias Boudinot, American lawyer and politician, 10th President of the Continental Congress (b. 1740)

Elias Boudinot · President of the Continental Congress