June 20 — On This Day
297 entries
Events
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451
Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
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1248
The University of Oxford receives its Royal charter.
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1620
The Battle of Höchst takes place during the Thirty Years' War.
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1631
The sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
Sack of Baltimore · Baltimore, County Cork · Algeria · Piracy
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1652
Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
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1685
Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
Monmouth Rebellion · James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth · Bridgwater
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1756
A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
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1782
The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
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1787
Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.
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1789
Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.
Deputy (legislator) · History of France · Estates-General of 1789 · Tennis Court Oath
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1819
The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.
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1837
Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.
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1840
Samuel Morse receives the patent for the telegraph.
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1862
Barbu Catargiu, the Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated.
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1863
American Civil War: West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
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1877
Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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1893
Lizzie Borden is acquitted of the murders of her father and stepmother.
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1895
The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.
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1900
Boxer Rebellion: The Imperial Chinese Army begins a 55-day siege of the Legation Quarter in Beijing, China.
Boxer Rebellion · Imperial Chinese Army · Siege of the International Legations · Beijing Legation Quarter
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1900
Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.
Eduard Toll · Russian polar expedition of 1900-02 · Saint Petersburg · Zarya (polar ship)
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1921
Workers of Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in the city of Chennai, India, begin a four-month strike.
Buckingham and Carnatic Mills · Chennai · 1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike
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1940
World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.
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1941
The United States Army Air Corps is deprecated to being the American training and logistics section of what is known until 1947 as the United States Army Air Forces, just two days before Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.
United States Army Air Corps · United States Army Air Forces · Operation Barbarossa
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1942
The Holocaust: Kazimierz Piechowski and three others, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, steal an SS staff car and escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp.
The Holocaust · Kazimierz Piechowski · SS-Totenkopfverbände · Auschwitz concentration camp
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1943
The Detroit race riot breaks out and continues for three more days.
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1943
World War II: The Royal Air Force launches Operation Bellicose, the first shuttle bombing raid of the war. Lancaster bombers damage the V-2 rocket production facilities at the Zeppelin Works while en route to an air base in Algeria.
Royal Air Force · Operation Bellicose · Shuttle bombing · V-2 rocket · Luftschiffbau Zeppelin
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1944
World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".
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1944
Continuation War: The Soviet Union demands an unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful Vyborg-Petrozavodsk Offensive. The Finnish government refuses.
Continuation War · Soviet Union · Vyborg-Petrozavodsk Offensive
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1944
The experimental MW 18014 V-2 rocket reaches an altitude of 176 km, becoming the first man-made object to reach outer space.
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1945
The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the U.S. under Operation Paperclip.
United States Secretary of State · Wernher von Braun · Operation Paperclip
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1948
The Deutsche Mark is introduced in Western Allied-occupied Germany. The Communists respond by imposing the Berlin Blockade four days later.
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1956
A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashes in the Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey, killing 74 people.
Venezuela · Lockheed Constellation · Linea Aeropostal Venezolana Flight 253 (June 1956) · Asbury Park, New Jersey
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1959
A rare June hurricane strikes Canada's Gulf of St. Lawrence killing 35.
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1960
The Mali Federation gains independence from France (it later splits into Mali and Senegal).
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1963
Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviet Union and the United States sign an agreement to establish the so-called "red telephone" link between Washington and Moscow.
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1972
Watergate scandal: An 18½-minute gap appears in the tape recording of the conversations between U.S. President Richard Nixon and his advisers regarding the recent arrests of his operatives while breaking into the Watergate complex.
Watergate scandal · Nixon White House tapes · Richard Nixon · Watergate complex
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1973
Snipers fire upon left-wing Peronists in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in what is known as the Ezeiza massacre. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.
Sniper · Peronism · Buenos Aires · Argentina · Ezeiza massacre
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1975
The film Jaws is released in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing film of that time and starting the trend of films known as "summer blockbusters".
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1979
ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. The murder is caught on tape and sparks an international outcry against the regime.
Bill Stewart (journalist) · Nicaragua · Anastasio Somoza Debayle
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1982
The Argentine Corbeta Uruguay base on Southern Thule surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the Falklands War.
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1990
Asteroid Eureka is discovered.
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1990
The 7.4 Mw Manjil-Rudbar earthquake affects northern Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 35,000-50,000, and injuring 60,000-105,000.
1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake · Iran · Mercalli intensity scale
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1991
German Bundestag votes to move seat of government to Berlin.
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1994
The 1994 Imam Reza shrine bomb explosion in Iran leaves at least 25 dead and 70 to 300 injured.
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2003
The Wikimedia Foundation is founded in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Famous Births
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1389
John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (d. 1435)
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1469
Gian Galeazzo Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1494)
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1566
Sigismund III Vasa, Polish and Swedish king (d. 1632)
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1583
Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and politician, Lord High Constable of Sweden (d. 1652)
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1634
Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (d. 1675)
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1642
George Hickes, English minister and scholar (d. 1715)
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1647
John George III, Elector of Saxony (d. 1691)
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1717
Jacques Saly, French sculptor and painter (d. 1776)
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1723
Adam Ferguson, Scottish philosopher and historian (d. 1816)
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1737
Tokugawa Ieharu, Japanese shogun (d. 1786)
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1754
Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1832)
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1756
Joseph Martin Kraus, German-Swedish composer and educator (d. 1792)
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1761
Jacob Hübner, German entomologist and author (d. 1826)
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1763
Wolfe Tone, Irish rebel leader (d. 1798)
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1770
Moses Waddel, American minister and academic (d. 1840)
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1771
Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, Scottish philanthropist and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright (d. 1820)
Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk · Lord Lieutenant of Kirkcudbright
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1771
Hermann von Boyen, Prussian general and politician, Prussian Minister of War (d. 1848)
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1777
Jean-Jacques Lartigue, Canadian bishop (d. 1840)
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1778
Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, French politician, 7th Prime Minister of France (d. 1832)
Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac · Prime Minister of France
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1786
Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, French poet and author (d. 1859)
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1796
Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso, Italian cardinal (d. 1878)
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1808
Samson Raphael Hirsch, German rabbi and scholar (d. 1888)
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1809
Isaak August Dorner, German theologian and academic (d. 1884)
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1813
Joseph Autran, French poet and author (d. 1877)
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1819
Jacques Offenbach, German-French cellist and composer (d. 1880)
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1855
Richard Lodge, English historian and academic (d. 1936)
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1858
Charles W. Chesnutt, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1932)
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1860
Alexander Winton, Scottish-American race car driver and engineer (d. 1932)
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1860
Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. 1937)
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1861
Frederick Gowland Hopkins, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
Frederick Gowland Hopkins · Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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1865
George Redmayne Murray, English biologist and physician (d. 1939)
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1866
James Burns, English cricketer (d. 1957)
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1869
Laxmanrao Kirloskar, Indian businessman, founded the Kirloskar Group (d. 1956)
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1870
Georges Dufrénoy, French painter and academic (d. 1943)
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1872
George Carpenter, American 5th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1948)
George Carpenter (Salvation Army) · General of The Salvation Army
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1875
Reginald Punnett, English geneticist, statistician, and academic (d. 1967)
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1882
Daniel Sawyer, American golfer (d. 1937)
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1884
Mary R. Calvert, American astronomer and author (d. 1974)
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1884
Johannes Heinrich Schultz, German psychiatrist and psychotherapist (d. 1970)
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1885
Andrzej Gawroński, Polish linguist and academic (d. 1927)
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1887
Kurt Schwitters, German painter and illustrator (d. 1948)
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1889
John S. Paraskevopoulos, Greek-South African astronomer and academic (d. 1951)
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1890
Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter (d. 1964)
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1891
Giannina Arangi-Lombardi, Italian soprano (d. 1951)
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1891
John A. Costello, Irish lawyer and politician, 3rd Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1976)
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1893
Wilhelm Zaisser, German soldier and politician (d. 1958)
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1894
Lloyd Hall, American chemist and academic (d. 1971)
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1896
Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1982)
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1897
Elisabeth Hauptmann, German author and playwright (d. 1973)
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1899
Jean Moulin, French soldier and engineer (d. 1943)
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1903
Sam Rabin, English wrestler, sculptor, and singer (d. 1991)
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1905
Lillian Hellman, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 1984)
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1906
Bob King, American high jumper and obstetrician (d. 1965)
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1907
Jimmy Driftwood, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (d. 1998)
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1908
Billy Werber, American baseball player (d. 2009)
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1908
Gus Schilling, American actor (d. 1957)
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1909
Errol Flynn, Australian-American actor (d. 1959)
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1910
Josephine Johnson, American author and poet (d. 1990)
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1911
Gail Patrick, American actress (d. 1980)
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1912
Anthony Buckeridge, English author (d. 2004)
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1912
Jack Torrance, American shot putter and football player (d. 1969)
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1914
Gordon Juckes, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1994)
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1914
Muazzez İlmiye Çığ, Turkish archaeologist and academic
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1915
Dick Reynolds, Australian footballer and coach (d. 2002)
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1915
Terence Young, Chinese-English director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
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1916
Jean-Jacques Bertrand, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Premier of Quebec (d. 1973)
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1916
T. Texas Tyler, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1972)
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1917
Helena Rasiowa, Austrian-Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1994)
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1918
George Lynch, American race car driver (d. 1997)
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1918
Zoltán Sztáray, Hungarian-American author (d. 2011)
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1920
Geoffrey Baker, English Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the British Army (d. 1980)
Geoffrey Baker · Field marshal (United Kingdom) · Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) · British Army
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1920
Danny Cedrone, American guitarist and bandleader (d. 1954)
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1920
Thomas Jefferson, American trumpet player
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1921
Byron Farwell, American historian and author (d. 1999)
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1921
Pancho Segura, Ecuadorian tennis player
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1923
Peter Gay, German-American historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
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1923
Jerzy Nowak, Polish actor and educator (d. 2013)
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1924
Chet Atkins, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2001)
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1924
Fritz Koenig, German sculptor and academic, designed The Sphere (d.2017)
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1925
Doris Hart, American tennis player and educator (d. 2015)
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1925
Audie Murphy, American lieutenant and actor Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1971)
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1926
Rehavam Ze'evi, Israeli general and politician, 9th Israeli Minister of Tourism (d. 2001)
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1927
Simin Behbahani, Iranian poet and activist (d. 2014)
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1928
Eric Dolphy, American saxophonist, flute player, and composer (d. 1964)
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1928
Martin Landau, American actor and producer (d. 2017)
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1928
Jean-Marie Le Pen, French intelligence officer and politician
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1928
Asrat Woldeyes, Ethiopian surgeon and educator (d. 1999)
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1929
Edgar Bronfman, Sr., Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013)
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1929
Anne Weale, English journalist and author (d. 2007)
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1929
Edith Windsor, American lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights activist (d. 2017)
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1930
Magdalena Abakanowicz, Polish sculptor and academic (d. 2017)
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1930
John Waine, English bishop
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1931
Olympia Dukakis, American actress
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1931
James Tolkan, American actor and director
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1932
Robert Rozhdestvensky, Russian poet and author (d. 1994)
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1933
Danny Aiello, American actor
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1933
Claire Tomalin, English journalist and author
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1934
Wendy Craig, English actress
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1935
Jim Barker, American politician (d. 2005)
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1935
Len Dawson, American football player and sportscaster
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1935
Armando Picchi, Italian footballer and coach (d. 1971)
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1936
Billy Guy, American singer (d. 2002)
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1936
Enn Vetemaa, Estonian author and screenwriter (d. 2017)
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1937
Stafford Dean, English actor and singer
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1937
Jerry Keller, American singer-songwriter
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1938
Joan Kirner, Australian educator and politician, 42nd Premier of Victoria (d. 2015)
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1938
Mickie Most, English music producer (d. 2003)
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1939
Ramakant Desai, Indian cricketer (d. 1998)
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1939
Budge Rogers, English rugby player and manager
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1940
Eugen Drewermann, German priest and theologian
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1940
John Mahoney, English actor
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1941
Stephen Frears, English actor, director, and producer
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1941
Ulf Merbold, German physicist and astronaut
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1942
Neil Trudinger, Australian mathematician and theorist
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1942
Brian Wilson, American singer-songwriter and producer
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1945
Anne Murray, Canadian singer and guitarist
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1946
Xanana Gusmão, Timorese soldier and politician, 1st President of East Timor
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1946
David Kazhdan, Russian-Israeli mathematician and academic
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1946
André Watts, American pianist and educator
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1947
Dolores "LaLa" Brooks, American pop singer (The Crystals)
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1948
Cirilo Flores, American bishop (d. 2014)
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1948
Ludwig Scotty, Nauruan politician, 10th President of Nauru
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1949
Alan Longmuir, Scottish bass player and songwriter
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1949
Lionel Richie, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor
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1950
Nouri al-Maliki, Iraqi politician, 76th Prime Minister of Iraq
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1951
Tress MacNeille, American actress and voice artist
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1951
Sheila McLean, Scottish scholar and academic
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1951
Paul Muldoon, Irish poet and academic
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1952
John Goodman, American actor
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1952
Vikram Seth, Indian author and poet
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1953
Robert Crais, American author and screenwriter
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1953
Raúl Ramírez, Mexican tennis player
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1953
Willy Rampf, German engineer
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1954
Allan Lamb, South African-English cricketer and sportscaster
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1954
Ilan Ramon, Israeli colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2003)
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1955
E. Lynn Harris, American author (d. 2009)
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1956
Peter Reid, English footballer and manager
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1956
Sohn Suk-hee, South Korean newscaster
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1958
Kelly Johnson, English hard rock guitarist and songwriter (d. 2007)
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1960
Philip M. Parker, American economist and author
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1960
John Taylor, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and actor
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1963
Kirk Baptiste, American sprinter
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1964
Pierfrancesco Chili, Italian motorcycle racer
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1964
Silke Möller, German runner
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1966
Boaz Yakin, American director, producer, and screenwriter
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1967
Nicole Kidman, American-Australian actress
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1967
Dan Tyminski, American singer-songwriter
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1968
Robert Rodriguez, American director, producer, and screenwriter
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1969
Paulo Bento, Portuguese footballer and manager
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1969
Misha Verbitsky, Russian mathematician and academic
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1969
MaliVai Washington, American tennis player and sportscaster
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1970
Andrea Nahles, German politician, German Minister of Labour and Social Affairs
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1970
Athol Williams, South African poet and social philosopher
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1971
Josh Lucas, American actor
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1971
Rodney Rogers, American basketball player and coach
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1971
Jeordie White, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and bass player
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1972
Alexis Alexoudis, Greek footballer
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1973
Chino Moreno, American singer-songwriter
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1975
Joan Balcells, Spanish tennis player
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1975
Daniel Zítka, Czech footballer
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1976
Juliano Belletti, Brazilian footballer
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1976
Carlos Lee, Panamanian baseball player
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1977
Gordan Giriček, Croatian basketball player
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1977
Amos Lee, American singer-songwriter
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1978
Frank Lampard, English footballer
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1978
Jan-Paul Saeijs, Dutch footballer
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1979
Charles Howell III, American golfer
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1980
Tony Lovato, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
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1980
Franco Semioli, Italian footballer
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1980
Fabian Wegmann, German cyclist
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1981
Brede Hangeland, Norwegian footballer
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1982
Aleksei Berezutski, Russian footballer
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1982
Vasili Berezutski, Russian footballer
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1982
Example, English singer/rapper
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1983
Josh Childress, American basketball player
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1983
Masashi Mikami, Japanese actor
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1983
Darren Sproles, American football player
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1984
Hassan Adams, American basketball player
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1985
Saki Aibu, Japanese actress
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1985
Matt Flynn, American football player
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1986
Dreama Walker, American actress
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1987
A-fu, Taiwanese singer and songwriter
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1987
Carsten Ball, Australian tennis player
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1987
Asmir Begović, Bosnian footballer
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1987
Joseph Ebuya, Kenyan runner
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1989
Christopher Mintz-Plasse, American actor
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1989
Javier Pastore, Argentinian footballer
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1989
Terrelle Pryor, American football player
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1990
DeQuan Jones, American basketball player
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1991
Kalidou Koulibaly, Senegalese footballer
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1991
Rick ten Voorde, Dutch footballer
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1993
Sead Kolašinac, Bosnian footballer
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1994
Leonard Williams, American football player
-
1996
Sam Bennett, Canadian ice hockey player
-
1999
Yui Mizuno, Japanese singer
Famous Deaths
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465
Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei (b. 440)
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656
Uthman ibn Affan, Rashidun caliph (b. 577)
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840
Louis the Pious, Carolingian emperor (b. 778)
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930
Hucbald, Frankish monk and music theorist
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1176
Mikhail of Vladimir, Russian prince
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1351
Margareta Ebner, German nun and mystic (b. 1291)
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1405
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, fourth son of King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1343)
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1597
Willem Barentsz, Dutch cartographer and explorer (b. 1550)
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1605
Feodor II of Russia (b. 1589)
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1668
Heinrich Roth, German missionary and scholar (b. 1620)
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1776
Benjamin Huntsman, English businessman (b. 1704)
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1787
Carl Friedrich Abel, German viol player and composer (b. 1723)
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1800
Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician and academic (b. 1719)
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1810
Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish general and politician (b. 1755)
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1815
Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (b. 1766)
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1820
Manuel Belgrano, Argentinian general, economist, and politician (b. 1770)
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1837
William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765)
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1840
Pierre Claude François Daunou, French historian and politician (b. 1761)
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1847
Juan Larrea, Argentinian captain and politician (b. 1782)
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1869
Hijikata Toshizō, Japanese commander (b. 1835)
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1870
Jules de Goncourt, French historian and author (b. 1830)
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1872
Élie Frédéric Forey, French general (b. 1804)
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1875
Joseph Meek, American police officer and politician (b. 1810)
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1888
Johannes Zukertort, Polish-English chess player (b. 1842)
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1906
John Clayton Adams, English painter (b. 1840)
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1909
Friedrich Martens, Estonian-Russian historian, lawyer, and diplomat (b. 1845)
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1925
Josef Breuer, Austrian physician and psychologist (b. 1842)
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1929
Emmanouil Benakis, Greek merchant and politician, 35th Mayor of Athens (b. 1843)
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1945
Bruno Frank, German author, poet, and playwright (b. 1878)
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1947
Bugsy Siegel, American mobster (b. 1906)
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1952
Luigi Fagioli, Italian race car driver (b. 1898)
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1958
Kurt Alder, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
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1963
Raphaël Salem, Greek-French mathematician and academic (b. 1898)
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1965
Bernard Baruch, American financier and politician (b. 1870)
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1966
Georges Lemaître, Belgian priest, physicist, and astronomer (b. 1894)
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1974
Horace Lindrum, Australian snooker player (b. 1912)
-
1978
Mark Robson, Canadian-American director and producer (b. 1913)
-
1984
Estelle Winwood, English actress (b. 1883)
-
1995
Emil Cioran, Romanian-French philosopher and educator (b. 1911)
-
1997
Cahit Külebi, Turkish poet and author (b. 1917)
-
1999
Clifton Fadiman, American game show host, author, and critic (b. 1902)
-
2001
Gina Cigna, French-Italian soprano (b. 1900)
-
2002
Erwin Chargaff, Austrian-American biochemist and academic (b. 1905)
-
2002
Tinus Osendarp, Dutch runner (b. 1916)
-
2004
Jim Bacon, Australian politician, 41st Premier of Tasmania (b. 1950)
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2005
Larry Collins, American journalist, historian, and author (b. 1929)
-
2005
Jack Kilby, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
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2010
Roberto Rosato, Italian footballer (b. 1943)
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2010
Harry B. Whittington, English palaeontologist and academic (b. 1916)
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2011
Ryan Dunn, American television personality (b. 1977)
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2012
LeRoy Neiman, American painter (b. 1921)
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2012
Heinrich IV, Prince Reuss of Köstritz (b. 1919)
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2012
Andrew Sarris, American critic (b. 1928)
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2013
Ingvar Rydell, Swedish footballer (b. 1922)
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2015
Angelo Niculescu, Romanian footballer and manager (b. 1921)
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2015
Miriam Schapiro, Canadian-American painter and sculptor (b. 1923)
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2017
Prodigy, (Albert Johnson), American music artist (b. 1974)