February 3 — An diesem Tag in der Geschichte
275 Einträge
Ereignisse
-
1112
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and Douce I, Countess of Provence marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states.
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona · Douce I, Countess of Provence
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1377
More than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are killed by the Condottieri (papal armed forces) in the "Cesena Bloodbath".
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1451
Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
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1488
Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, becoming the first known European to travel so far south.
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1509
The Portuguese navy defeats a joint fleet of the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, the Sultan of Gujarat, the Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt, the Zamorin of Calicut, and the Republic of Ragusa at the Battle of Diu in Diu, India.
Portuguese Empire · Ottoman Empire · Republic of Venice · Mahmud Begada · Burji dynasty
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1690
The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in the Americas.
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1706
During the Battle of Fraustadt Swedish forces defeat a superior Saxon-Polish-Russian force by deploying a double envelopment.
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1781
American Revolutionary War: British forces seize the Dutch-owned Caribbean island Sint Eustatius.
American Revolutionary War · Capture of Sint Eustatius · Dutch Republic · Sint Eustatius
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1783
American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence.
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1787
Militia led by General Benjamin Lincoln crush the remnants of Shays' Rebellion in Petersham, Massachusetts.
Benjamin Lincoln · Shays' Rebellion · Petersham, Massachusetts
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1807
A British military force, under Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the Spanish Empire city of Montevideo, now the capital of Uruguay.
Samuel Auchmuty (British Army officer) · Spanish Empire · Montevideo · Uruguay
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1809
The Territory of Illinois is created by the 10th United States Congress.
-
1813
José de San Martín defeats a Spanish royalist army at the Battle of San Lorenzo, part of the Argentine War of Independence.
José de San Martín · Battle of San Lorenzo · Argentine War of Independence
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1830
The London Protocol of 1830 establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.
London Protocol (1830) · Greece · Ottoman Empire · Greek War of Independence
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1834
Wake Forest University is established.
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1870
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to male citizens regardless of race.
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1897
The Greco-Turkish War breaks out.
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1913
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect an income tax.
Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution · Federal government of the United States · Income tax
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1916
The Centre Block of the Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada burns down with the loss of 7 lives.
-
1917
World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after the latter announced a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
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1918
The Twin Peaks Tunnel in San Francisco, California begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long.
-
1930
Communist Party of Vietnam is founded at a "Unification Conference" held in Kowloon, British Hong Kong.
Communist Party of Vietnam · Kowloon Peninsula · British Hong Kong
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1931
The Hawke's Bay earthquake, New Zealand's worst natural disaster, kills 258.
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1933
Adolf Hitler announces that the expansion of Lebensraum into Eastern Europe, and its ruthless Germanisation, are the ultimate geopolitical objectives of Third Reich foreign policy.
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1943
The SS Dorchester is sunk by a German U-boat. Only 230 of 902 men aboard survive.
-
1944
World War II: During the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, U.S. Army and Marine forces seize Kwajalein Atoll from the defending Japanese garrison.
World War II · Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign · United States Army · United States Marines · Battle of Kwajalein
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1945
World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17s of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin, a raid which kills between 2,500 and 3,000 and dehouses another 120,000.
Bombing of Berlin in World War II · B-17 Flying Fortress · Eighth Air Force · Dehousing
-
1945
World War II: The United States and the Philippine Commonwealth begin a month-long battle to retake Manila from Japan.
Commonwealth of the Philippines · Battle of Manila (1945) · Manila · Empire of Japan
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1953
The Batepá massacre occurred in São Tomé when the colonial administration and Portuguese landowners unleashed a wave of violence against the native creoles known as forros.
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1958
Founding of the Benelux Economic Union, creating a testing ground for a later European Economic Community.
-
1959
Rock and roll musicians Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson are killed in a plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa.
Buddy Holly · Ritchie Valens · The Big Bopper · The Day the Music Died · Clear Lake, Iowa
-
1960
British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan speaks of "a wind of change", signalling that his Government was likely to support decolonisation.
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom · Harold Macmillan · Wind of Change (speech)
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1961
The United States Air Forces begins Operation Looking Glass, and over the next 30 years, a "Doomsday Plane" is always in the air, with the capability of taking direct control of the United States' bombers and missiles in the event of the destruction of the SAC's command post.
United States Air Forces · Operation Looking Glass · Strategic Air Command
-
1969
In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.
Cairo · Yasser Arafat · Palestine Liberation Organization · Palestinian National Congress
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1971
New York Police Officer Frank Serpico is shot during a drug bust in Brooklyn and survives to later testify against police corruption.
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1972
The first day of the seven-day 1972 Iran blizzard, which would kill at least 4,000 people, making it the deadliest snowstorm in history.
1972 Iran blizzard · List of natural disasters by death toll
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1984
John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history's first embryo transfer, from one woman to another resulting in a live birth.
-
1984
Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B is launched using Space Shuttle Challenger.
-
1989
After a stroke two weeks previously, South African President P. W. Botha resigns as leader of the National Party, but stays on as president for six more months.
Stroke · President of South Africa · P. W. Botha · National Party (South Africa)
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1989
A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.
-
1995
Astronaut Eileen Collins becomes the first woman to pilot the Space Shuttle as mission STS-63 gets underway from Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Eileen Collins · Space Shuttle program · STS-63 · Kennedy Space Center · Florida
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1998
Cavalese cable car disaster: a United States military pilot causes the death of 20 people when his low-flying plane cuts the cable of a cable-car near Trento, Italy.
-
2007
A Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.
-
2014
Two people are shot and killed and 29 students are taken hostage at a high school in Moscow, Russia.
Berühmte Geburten
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1338
Joanna of Bourbon (d. 1378)
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1392
Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, English commander (d. 1455)
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1428
Helena Palaiologina, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1458)
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1478
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (d. 1521)
-
1504
Scipione Rebiba, Italian cardinal (d. 1577)
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1677
Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect, designed the Karlova Koruna Chateau (d. 1723)
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1689
Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (d. 1741)
-
1690
Richard Rawlinson, English minister and historian (d. 1755)
-
1721
Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (d. 1773)
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1736
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian composer and theorist (d. 1809)
-
1747
Samuel Osgood, American soldier and politician, 1st United States Postmaster General (d. 1813)
-
1757
Joseph Forlenze, Italian ophthalmologist and surgeon (d. 1833)
-
1763
Caroline von Wolzogen, German author (d. 1847)
-
1777
John Cheyne, Scottish physician and author (d. 1836)
-
1795
Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan general and politician, 2nd President of Bolivia (d. 1830)
-
1807
Joseph E. Johnston, American general and politician (d. 1891)
-
1809
Felix Mendelssohn, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1847)
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1811
Horace Greeley, American journalist and politician (d. 1872)
-
1817
Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist and mineralogist (d. 1881)
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1817
Émile Prudent, French pianist and composer (d. 1863)
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1821
Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician and educator (d. 1910)
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1824
Ranald MacDonald, American explorer and educator (d. 1894)
-
1826
Walter Bagehot, English journalist and businessman (d. 1877)
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1830
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903)
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury · Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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1842
Sidney Lanier, American composer and poet (d. 1881)
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1843
William Cornelius Van Horne, American-Canadian businessman (d. 1915)
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1857
Giuseppe Moretti, Italian sculptor, designed the Vulcan statue (d. 1935)
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1859
Hugo Junkers, German engineer, designed the Junkers J 1 (d. 1935)
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1862
James Clark McReynolds, American lawyer and judge (d. 1946)
-
1867
Charles Henry Turner, American biologist, educator and zoologist (d. 1923)
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1872
Lou Criger, American baseball player and manager (d. 1934)
-
1874
Gertrude Stein, American novelist, poet, playwright, (d. 1946)
-
1878
Gordon Coates, New Zealand soldier and politician, 21st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1943)
-
1887
Georg Trakl, Austrian pharmacist and poet (d. 1914)
-
1889
Artur Adson, Estonian poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1977)
-
1889
Carl Theodor Dreyer, Danish director and screenwriter (d. 1968)
-
1892
Juan Negrín, Spanish physician and politician, 67th Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1956)
-
1893
Gaston Julia, Algerian-French mathematician and academic (d. 1978)
-
1894
Norman Rockwell, American painter and illustrator (d. 1978)
-
1898
Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect, designed the Finlandia Hall and Aalto Theatre (d. 1976)
-
1899
Café Filho, Brazilian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 18th President of Brazil (d. 1970)
-
1900
Anni Frind, German lyric soprano (d. 1987)
-
1900
Mabel Mercer, English-American singer (d. 1984)
-
1903
Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish soldier, pilot, and politician (d. 1973)
-
1904
Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (d. 1934)
-
1905
Paul Ariste, Estonian linguist and academic (d. 1990)
-
1905
Arne Beurling, Swedish-American mathematician and academic (d. 1986)
-
1906
George Adamson, Indian-English author and activist (d. 1989)
-
1907
James A. Michener, American author and philanthropist (d. 1997)
-
1909
André Cayatte, French lawyer and director (d. 1989)
-
1909
Simone Weil, French mystic and philosopher (d. 1943)
-
1911
Jehan Alain, French organist and composer (d. 1940)
-
1912
Jacques Soustelle, French anthropologist and politician (d. 1990)
-
1914
Mary Carlisle, American actress, singer, and dancer
-
1915
Johannes Kotkas, Estonian wrestler and hammer thrower (d. 1998)
-
1917
Shlomo Goren, Polish-Israeli rabbi and general (d. 1994)
-
1918
Joey Bishop, American actor and producer (d. 2007)
-
1918
Helen Stephens, American runner, baseball player, and manager (d. 1994)
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1920
Russell Arms, American actor and singer (d. 2012)
-
1920
Tony Gaze, Australian race car driver and pilot (d. 2013)
-
1920
Henry Heimlich, American physician and author (d. 2016)
-
1924
E. P. Thompson, English historian and author (d. 1993)
-
1924
Martial Asselin, Canadian lawyer and politician, 25th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 2013)
-
1925
Shelley Berman, American actor and comedian (d. 2017)
-
1925
John Fiedler, American actor (d. 2005)
-
1926
Hans-Jochen Vogel, German soldier and politician, 8th Mayor of Berlin
-
1927
Kenneth Anger, American actor, director, and screenwriter
-
1927
Blas Ople, Filipino journalist and politician, 21st President of the Senate of the Philippines (d. 2003)
-
1933
Paul Sarbanes, American lawyer and politician
-
1934
Juan Carlos Calabró, Argentinian actor and screenwriter (d. 2013)
-
1935
Johnny "Guitar" Watson, American blues, soul, and funk singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996)
-
1936
Elizabeth Peer, American journalist (d. 1984)
-
1936
Bob Simpson, Australian cricketer and coach
-
1937
Billy Meier, Swiss author and photographer
-
1938
Victor Buono, American actor (d. 1982)
-
1938
Emile Griffith, American boxer and trainer (d. 2013)
-
1939
Michael Cimino, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
-
1940
Fran Tarkenton, American football player and sportscaster
-
1941
Dory Funk, Jr., American wrestler and trainer
-
1941
Howard Phillips, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
-
1943
Blythe Danner, American actress
-
1943
Dennis Edwards, American soul/R&B singer
-
1943
Eric Haydock, English bass player
-
1943
Shawn Phillips, American-South African singer-songwriter and guitarist
-
1945
Johnny Cymbal, Scottish-American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1993)
-
1945
Bob Griese, American football player and sportscaster
-
1947
Paul Auster, American novelist, essayist, and poet
-
1947
Dave Davies, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
-
1947
Stephen McHattie, Canadian actor and director
-
1948
Henning Mankell, Swedish author and playwright (d. 2015)
-
1949
Jim Thorpe, American golfer
-
1950
Morgan Fairchild, American actress
-
1950
Grant Goldman, Australian radio and television host
-
1951
Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian footballer and manager
-
1951
Michael Ruppert, American journalist and author (d. 2014)
-
1952
Fred Lynn, American baseball player and sportscaster
-
1954
Tiger Williams, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
-
1956
John Jefferson, American football player and coach
-
1956
Nathan Lane, American actor and comedian
-
1957
Eric Lander, American mathematician, geneticist, and academic
-
1958
Joe F. Edwards, Jr., American commander, pilot, and astronaut
-
1959
Óscar Iván Zuluaga, Colombian economist and politician, 67th Colombian Minister of Finance
Óscar Iván Zuluaga · Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (Colombia)
-
1960
Tim Chandler, American bass player
-
1960
Marty Jannetty, American wrestler and trainer
-
1960
Joachim Löw, German footballer and manager
-
1960
Kerry Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1993)
-
1961
Linda Eder, American singer and actress
-
1963
Raghuram Rajan, Indian economist and academic
-
1964
Indrek Tarand, Estonian historian, journalist, and politician
-
1965
Kathleen Kinmont, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
-
1965
Maura Tierney, American actress and producer
-
1966
Frank Coraci, American director and screenwriter
-
1966
Danny Morrison, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster
-
1967
Tim Flowers, English footballer and coach
-
1967
Mixu Paatelainen, Finnish footballer and coach
-
1968
Vlade Divac, Serbian-American basketball player and sportscaster
-
1968
Marwan Khoury, Lebanese singer, songwriter, and composer
-
1969
Beau Biden, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 44th Attorney General of Delaware (d. 2015)
-
1969
Retief Goosen, South African golfer
-
1970
Óscar Córdoba, Colombian footballer
-
1970
Warwick Davis, English actor, producer, and screenwriter
-
1971
Hong Seok-cheon, South Korean actor
-
1971
Jayne Middlemiss, English television and radio presenter
-
1972
Jesper Kyd, Danish pianist and composer
-
1973
Ilana Sod, Mexican journalist and producer
-
1976
Isla Fisher, Omani-Australian actress
-
1977
Marek Židlický, Czech ice hockey player
-
1978
Joan Capdevila, Spanish footballer
-
1979
Paul Franks, English cricketer and coach
-
1982
Becky Bayless, American wrestler
-
1982
Marie-Ève Drolet, Canadian speed skater
-
1985
Angela Fong, Canadian wrestler and actress
-
1985
Andrei Kostitsyn, Belarusian ice hockey player
-
1986
Lucas Duda, American baseball player
-
1986
David Edwards, Welsh footballer
-
1986
Mathieu Giroux, Canadian speed skater
-
1986
Kanako Yanagihara, Japanese actress
-
1988
Cho Kyuhyun, South Korean singer
-
1988
Gregory van der Wiel, Dutch footballer
-
1989
Slobodan Rajković, Serbian footballer
-
1990
Sean Kingston, American-Jamaican singer-songwriter
-
1990
Martin Taupau, New Zealand rugby league player
-
1991
Nikola Hofmanova, Austrian tennis player
-
1991
Corey Norman, Australian rugby league player
-
1991
Peter Pawlett, English footballer
-
1991
Adrian Quaife-Hobbs, Welsh race car driver
-
1992
Luke Keary, Australian rugby league player
-
1995
Kim Domingo, Filipino actress and model
-
1996
Rhap Salazar, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor
-
1997
Paige Mary Hourigan, New Zealand tennis player
Berühmte Todesfälle
-
AD 6
Ping, emperor of Han China (b. 9 BC)
-
639
Sihyaj Chan K'awiil II, ruler of Tikal
-
639
K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I, ruler of Piedras Negras
-
699
Werburgh, English nun and saint (b. 650)
-
865
Ansgar, Frankish archbishop (b. 801)
-
929
Guy ("the Philosopher"), margrave of Tuscany
-
938
Zhou Ben, Chinese general (b. 862)
-
995
William IV, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 937)
-
1014
Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark, England, and parts of Norway (b. 960)
-
1116
Coloman, King of Hungary (b. 1070)
-
1161
King Inge I of Norway (b. 1135)
-
1252
Sviatoslav III of Vladimir, Prince of Novgorod (b. 1196)
-
1399
John of Gaunt, Belgian-English politician, Lord High Steward (b. 1340)
-
1428
Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (b. 1386)
-
1451
Murad II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1404)
-
1468
Johannes Gutenberg, German publisher, invented the Printing press (b. 1398)
-
1537
Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare (b. 1513)
-
1566
George Cassander, Flemish theologian and author (b. 1513)
-
1618
Philip II, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1573)
-
1619
Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1564)
Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham · Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
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1737
Tommaso Ceva, Italian mathematician and academic (b. 1648)
-
1802
Pedro Rodríguez, Count of Campomanes, Spanish economist and politician (b. 1723)
-
1813
Juan Bautista Cabral, Argentinian sergeant (b. 1789)
-
1820
Gia Long, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1762)
-
1832
George Crabbe, English surgeon and poet (b. 1754)
-
1862
Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (b. 1774)
-
1866
François-Xavier Garneau, Canadian poet, author, and historian (b. 1809)
-
1873
Isaac Baker Brown, English gynecologist and surgeon (b. 1811)
-
1922
John Butler Yeats, Irish painter and illustrator (b. 1839)
-
1924
Woodrow Wilson, American historian, academic, and politician, 28th President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1856)
Woodrow Wilson · President of the United States · Nobel Peace Prize
-
1929
Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish mathematician and engineer (b. 1878)
-
1935
Hugo Junkers, German engineer, designed the Junkers J 1 (b. 1859)
-
1944
Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (b. 1865)
-
1945
Roland Freisler, German lawyer and judge (b. 1893)
-
1947
Marc Mitscher, American admiral and pilot (b. 1887)
-
1952
Harold L. Ickes, American journalist and politician, 32nd United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1874)
-
1955
Vasily Blokhin, Russian general (b. 1895)
-
1956
Émile Borel, French mathematician and academic (b. 1871)
-
1956
Johnny Claes, English-Belgian race car driver and trumpet player (b. 1916)
-
1959
The Day the Music Died The Big Bopper, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1930) Buddy Holly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1936) Ritchie Valens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
The Day the Music Died · The Big Bopper · Buddy Holly · Ritchie Valens
-
1960
Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (b. 1921)
-
1961
William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil, Scottish-Australian captain and politician, 14th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1893)
William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil · Governor-General of Australia
-
1961
Anna May Wong, American actress (b. 1905)
-
1967
Joe Meek, English songwriter and producer (b. 1929)
-
1969
C. N. Annadurai, Indian journalist and politician, 7th Chief Minister of Madras State (b. 1909)
-
1969
Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambican activist and academic (b. 1920)
-
1975
William D. Coolidge, American physicist and engineer (b. 1873)
-
1975
Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1904)
-
1985
Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist and academic (b. 1912)
-
1989
John Cassavetes, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
-
1989
Lionel Newman, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1916)
-
1991
Nancy Kulp, American actress (b. 1921)
-
1993
Françoys Bernier, Canadian pianist and conductor (b. 1927)
-
1996
Audrey Meadows, American actress and banker (b. 1922)
-
1999
Gwen Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1950)
-
2005
Zurab Zhvania, Georgian biologist and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Georgia (b. 1963)
-
2005
Ernst Mayr, German-American biologist and ornithologist (b. 1904)
-
2006
Al Lewis, American actor and activist (b. 1923)
-
2009
Sheng-yen, Chinese monk and scholar, founded the Dharma Drum Mountain (b. 1930)
-
2010
Dick McGuire, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
-
2010
Frances Reid, American actress (b. 1914)
-
2011
Maria Schneider, French actress (b. 1952)
-
2012
Toh Chin Chye, Singaporean academic and politician, 1st Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (b. 1921)
-
2012
Ben Gazzara, American actor and director (b. 1930)
-
2012
Terence Hildner, American general (b. 1962)
-
2012
Raj Kanwar, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1961)
-
2012
Zalman King, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1942)
-
2012
Andrzej Szczeklik, Polish physician and academic (b. 1938)
-
2013
Cardiss Collins, American politician (b. 1931)
-
2013
Oscar Feltsman, Ukrainian-Russian composer and producer (b. 1921)
-
2013
James Muri, American soldier and pilot (b. 1918)
-
2013
Jam Mohammad Yousaf, Pakistani politician, Chief Minister of Balochistan (b. 1954)
-
2015
Martin Gilbert, English historian, author, and academic (b. 1936)
-
2015
Mary Healy, American actress and singer (b. 1918)
-
2015
Charlie Sifford, American golfer (b. 1922)
-
2015
Nasim Hasan Shah, Pakistani lawyer and judge, 12th Chief Justice of Pakistan (b. 1929)
-
2016
Balram Jakhar, Indian lawyer and politician, 23rd Governor of Madhya Pradesh (b. 1923)
-
2016
József Kasza, Serbian politician and economist (b. 1945)
-
2016
Saulius Sondeckis, Lithuanian violinist and conductor (b. 1928)
-
2017
Dritëro Agolli, Albanian poet, writer and politician (b. 1931)
-
2017
Gordon Aikman, Scottish ALS campaigner (b. 1985)